Rajat Buragohain

Feeding Practice; Dairy Cattle; Unconventional Feed; Mizoram

The farming and feeding practices of dairy cattle in Mizoram was assessed through surveys conducted in Aizawl district of Mizoram. The study revealed practices of intensive rearing of dairy animals and feeding of concentrates and unconventional roughages. The concentrates fed to the animals were commercial cattle feed or compounded or wheat bran alone or rice bran alone or home-grown maize mixing with other concentrate feeds. The roughage utilised for feeding were various unconventional jungle grasses / shrubs and tree leaves. Total 40 different species of tree leaves were found to be fed by the farmers to dairy cattle in Mizoram. Supplementary feeding, except uses of common salt with concentrate, was uncommon. High price of concentrate feeds and unavailability of individual feed ingredients were the main feeding constraints. Information about the nutritional values of the unconventional roughages, availability of concentrate at ease and affordable cost and technical-financial supports for cultivation of fodders are suggested for upliftment of dairy cattle farming of Mizoram.

[1] Economic Survey Mizoram, Government of Mizoram Planning & Programme Implementation Department (Research & Development Branch), Aizawl, Mizoram, 2015-16.
[2] S Jarial, A Kumar, V Padmakumar, “Assessment of feeding practices, nutritional status and gap for dairy buffaloes in hilly districts Tehri Garhwal and Pithoragarh of Uttarakhand, India”, Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Volume 83, Issue 9, 2013, pp.960–963.
[3] SK Tomar, RL Sharma, “Fodders and feeding practices of cattle and sheep in Kashmir (India)”, Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, Volume 5, Issue 1&2, 2002, pp. 48-52.
[4] A Singh, K Shyam Singh, P Imtiwati, “Adoption of improved dairy husbandry practices by dairy farmers in hill region of Manipur, India”, Asian Journal Dairy and Food Research, Volume 32, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 283-289.
[5] [R Buragohain, “Tree Foliages Fed to Dairy Animals in Mizoram: Traditional Medicinal Uses, Screening and Quantification of Phytochemicals”, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, Volume 6, Issue 10, 2017, pp.61-71.

Dr. C. M. Noorjahan

Henna Leaves Extract; Iron Oxide Nanoparticle; Synthesis; Characterization; Antimicrobial Activity

Nanotechnology is the most capable technology that can be applied in any field of interest. Technology has created an impressive increase in the production of nanomaterial in many sector of the society. The biosynthesis of nanoparticle is the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology that has received increasing attention due to a growing need to develop eco-friendly technologies in material synthesis. Hence an investigation has been carried out to synthesize Iron oxide nanoparticle using Henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis) extract, to study the characterization and antimicrobial activities of it. The results of the green synthesized Iron oxide nanoparticle using Henna leaves extract showed the change of colour from orange to black which may be due to Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon. The results of UV analysis of iron oxide nanoparticle revealed the absorbance peak at 425 nm. The results of FTIR analysis revealed the functional groups present in the Iron oxide nanoparticle, displays a number of peaks which reflects the complex nature. The results of XRD analysis showed a high crystallinity of Iron sample level with diffraction angle ranged from 30-80° at 2Ɵ. The shape of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticle was found to be hexagonal and size was 2µm in diameter using SEM. The result of antimicrobial activity (bacteria and fungi) of synthesized Iron oxide nanoparticle indicates a potent antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle.

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[6] Ipsa Subhankari. and Nayak, P.I. 2013. Synthesis of Copper nanoparticle using SyzgiumAromaticum (Cloves) aqueous extract by using green chemistry. World Journal of Nano Science and Technology, 2(1): 14-17.
[7] Jayalakshmi and Yogamoorthi, A. 2014. Green Synthesis of Copper oxide nanoparticle using aqueous of flowers of Cassia alata and particles characterization. International Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 4(2): 66-71.
[8] Jayanthi, D. 2015. Biosynthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of Zinc oxide nanoparticle. (M.Sc., Dissertation) JBAS College, Chennai, 7-13.
[9] Johan, M.R. Wen, K.S. Hawari, N. and Aznan, N.A.K. 2012. Synthesis and characterization of copper iodide nanoparticle via chemical route. International Journal of Electrochemical Science , 12(3):4942-4950.
[10] Mason, C., Vivekandha, S., Misra, M., Kumar, A. and Mohanty. 2012. Switch grass (Panicumvirgatum) extract medicated green synthesis of silver nanoparticle. World Journal of Nano science and Engineering, 2:47-52.
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[13] Senthilkumar, S.R. and Sivakumar, T. 2014. Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) mediated synthesis of Zinc oxide (Zno) nanopartilces and studies on their antimicrobial activities. International Journal of Pharamacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(6): 55-60.
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Dr. Swati .D.Shende (Nakhale) and Samruddhi Bhaskar Zoting

Early Age Children; Nutri-Spro Powder; Nutrition Education; Malnutritio

While weight gain in children is a primary concern for most Indian mother‘s it is important to remember that your name should be insure the balance diet which provide all the nutrition your child needs to grow this will automatically help the child attend on healthy weight a diet also ensure that they get enough nutrient, various vitamins and all the minerals that are required for the overall development of the brain and physics. According to the findings in this study, malnutrition is highly prevalent in the all socioeconomic group‘s children‘s. There are many reasons as to why the prevalence is evident and will continue in that some factors such as low levels of maternal education, knowledge of nutrition and proper cooking methods and influence a lot on food choices for child feeding The better nutritional profile of under-fives of educated mothers indicates that right to have education and knowledge of proper nutrition is missing among them. It was concluded that nutri-spro powder was shown effective changes on overall growth and development of children and it may be effective if the expecting mother was introduced in her diet from second trimester.

[1] World Health Organization, United Nations Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2014.
[2] Anuradha R 1 Ranjit Sivanandham,2 Sam Dashni Salome,3 Roniya Francis,4 Roopa D,5 Sakthi Sampavi,6 Sabu S R,7 and Ranjit Prasad (2014)Nutritional Status of Children Aged 3-6 Years in a Rural Area of TamilnaduJ Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Oct; 8(10): JC01–JC04. Published online 2014 Oct 20. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8902.4969
[3] Gopalan, C., Swaminathan, M. C., Kumari, V.K.K., Rao, D. H. &Vijayaraghavan, K. (1973) Effect of calorie supplementation on growth of undernourished children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 26: 563–566.
[4] Lutter, C. K., Mora, J. O., Habicht, J. -P.Rasmussen, K. M., Robson, D. S. & Herrera, M. G. (1990) Age-specific responsiveness of weight and length to nutritional supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51: 359–364.
[5] Beatrice Olack,Heather Burke, Leonard Cosmas, Sapna Bamrah, Kathleen Dooling, Daniel R. Feikin,Leisel E. Talley, and Robert F. Breiman(2011) Nutritional Status of Underfive Children Living in an Informal Urban Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya J Health Popul Nutr. 2011 Aug; 29(4): 357–363.
[6] Mirjana Gurinović, in Reference Module in Food Science, 2016Nutrition Epidemiology and Public Health Nutrition.
[7] Willett, W., 2013. Nutritional Epidemiology, third ed., vol. 40. Oxford University Press, New York, USA

Chetana Krishnan

Levitation; Incision; Acoustic; Ultrasonic; Platform

In the current trend, cancer has become something like cold. Almost in every street, at least three people fight cancer. The traditional method of curing cancer includes chemotherapy and pills. But it is effective only at the early stages of cancer. Till now, no cure has been found in curing cancer completely. The principle behind chemotherapy involves the killing of cancer cells by passing high level radiation such as gamma radiation through the body. Moreover chemo causes post complications such as hair loss, weight loss etc. which makes the person’s life miserable. The other problem which currently exists in the surgical area is removal of small stones (of size less than a unit sphere) in sensitive organs like uterus etc. For example, in the case of removal of uterine stones, since the tube is very small to be overloaded, a slight defocus during incision can cause severe complication and lead to the death of the patient. The size of uterine tube is really small for the incision procedure to take place. If any stone of fibrous type gets formed in the walls of this tube, it becomes really difficult to cut open the tube and remove the stone. Sometimes due to deep tear of the tube, the muscles get damaged and the person may die. So, the important problems that the doctors and the pathologists face nowadays are finding a remedy for cancer and removal of stones from sensitive areas. The solution that we could develop is something common to both the problems and this solution will be useful to cure both the problems. That is some platform which can remove stones with ease and also destroy cancer cells.

[1] Dr Jyaprada, “Upliftment of cells”, IEEE journal, volume 4, issue 3, November 12, page: 23 to 56.
[2] Dr Asiermargo, “Cell structure”, IEEE journal, volume 3, issue 7, November 12, page: 23 to 67.

Sonali A. Aware and N. R. Potdukhe

Wheat; Six Parameter Models; Gene Effects

The is objective of the study was to estimate gene effects for quantities and qualitative traits viz., Plant height, no of tillers per plant, no of spiklets per spike, no of grains per spike, grain weight per ear head, grain yield per plant (g), Days to heading, Protein content(%), Sedimentation value (ml), Beta carotene content (ppm) and 1000 seed wt.(g) using six generations of eight crosses was carried out during rabi season at two locations. Analysis of Variance revealed highly significant differences among the wheat genotypes for all the characters. In case of plot basis observations, the characters were mostly governed by dominance gene effects.

[1] Government of India, “Load Generation Balance Report 2011-12”, A Report by Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Ministry of Power, available at http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/yearly/lgbr_report.pdf
[2] Verma V. S., “Energy Efficient Technologies Use in India-An Overview 2004”, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), 20 August 2004.
[3] Sayeed P. M., “Energy Conservation in India, on 14th December 2005”, Ministry of Power, Government of India, available at http://www.powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Ministers_artificial.pdf
[4] Energy Value-Efficiency Improvement Initiatives by HT Consumers”, Power Line, Volume 16, No. 7, March 2012, pp. 51.
[5] Kalyanaraman M., “Target High Tension Users for More Energy Efficiency”, the Times of India, 25 April 2011.
[6] Ravi Babu P., “Water Demand Side Management through Fuzzy Logic”, CISCON National Conference, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, 02-03 October 2006.
[7] Arno Middleberg, Jiangfeng Zhang and Xiaohua Xia, “An Optimal Control Model for Load Shifting-With Application in the Energy Management of a Colliery”, Applied Energy, 86 (07-08), pp. 1266-1273, July 2009.
[8] Yik F. W. H. and Lee W. L., “Rebate as an Economic Instrument for Promoting Building Energy Efficiency I Hong Kong”, Building and Environment, Volume 40, Issue 9, September 2005, pp. 1207-1216.
[9] ABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited, “Approach Paper for MERC MYT Regulations-FY 2010-11 to 2014-15”, pp. 275-277.
[10] Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited, HT Tariff Booklet, available at http://www.mahadiscom.in/tariff/Tariff-Booklet-high-may07.pdf
[11] Madhya Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission, Tariff Order, available at http://www.mperc.nic.in/310312-Final-Tariff-Order-FT-12-13-LV-HV-SCH.pdf, pp. 195-219
[12] Andhra Pradesh Central Power Distribution Company Limited, Retail Supply Tariff Schedule for FY 2011-12, available at http://www.apcentralpower.com/tariffs/tariffs.jsp, pp. 01-07.
[13] Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Commission, “Determination of Tariff for Generation and Distribution”, Order No. 1 of 2012-dated 30-03-2012, available at http://www.tangedco.gov.in/linkpdf/T. O No. 1.pdf, pp. 319-324.
[14] Gujrat Electricity Regulatory Commission, Part II, Tariff for Supply of Electricity at HT and EHT, available at http://www.gercin.org/ tarifforderpdf/en_1304750473.pdf, pp. 180-192.

Dr. Roberto Aquilano

Microgravity; Telomeres; Telomerase; Space

Variations in telomeres, and especially their shortening, is a well-known process that marks the rhythm of life in all living things, but the reason behind telomere lengthening in some cases is not so well understood. We only know that it is directly related to the activation of an enzyme called telomerase. Variations in microgravity could partially explain this phenomenon, and be part of the cause of its activation.

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Prof. B. M. Roy

Composite Modulus; Quadratic Congruence; Reformulations

A very special type of standard quadratic congruence of even composite modulus is reformulated in this paper. The formulation found in the literature of mathematics is not sufficient. The formulation found is only for an odd positive integer but nothing is said about even positive integer. So, an incomplete formulation is found in the literature. The author has taken the opportunity to find a complete formulation of the said quadratic congruence of even composite modulus and has presented a complete formulation of the congruence.

[1] Roy B M, “Discrete Mathematics & Number Theory”, 1/e, ISBN: 978-93-84336-12-7, Jan. 2016,Das GanuPrakashan, Nagpur, page-88. [2] Niven I., Zuckerman H. S., Montgomery H. L. (1960, Reprint 2008), “An Introduction to The Theory of Numbers”, 5/e, Wiley India (Pvt) Ltd, page-148, problem-11. [3] Roy B M, 2018, A new method of finding solutions of a solvable standard quadratic congruence of comparatively large prime modulus, International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology (IJARIIT), ISSN: 2454-132X, Vol-4, Issue-3, May-Jun-18. [4] Roy B M, 2018, Formulation of solutions of standard quadratic congruence of even composite modulus as a product of two odd primes & four, International Journal of Recent Innovations In Academic Research (IJRIAR), ISSN:2635-3040, Vol-2, Issue-2, Jun-18. [5] Roy B M, 2018, Formulation of solutions of standard quadratic congruence of even composite modulus as a product of two odd primes & eight, International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology (IJARIIT), ISSN: 2454-132X, Vol-4, Issue-4, July-18. [6] Roy B M, 2018, Formulation of solutions of some classes of standard quadratic congruence of composite modulus as a product of a prime-power integer by two or four, International Journal for Research Trends and Innovations(IJRTI), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol-3, Issue-5, May-18. [7] Roy B M, 2018, Formulation of Standard Quadratic Congruence of Composite modulus as a product of prime-power integer and eight, International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (IJSDR),ISSN: 2455-2631, Vol-3, Issue-7, Jul-18. [8] Roy B M, 2018, Formulation of solutions of a class of standard quadratic congruence of even composite modulus, International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (IJSDR), ISSN: 2455-2631, Vol-3, Issue-8, Jul-18. [9] Roy B M, 2018, An Algorithmic Formulation of solving Standard Quadratic Congruence of Prime- power Modulus, International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology (IJARIIT), ISSN: 2454-132X, Vol-4, Issue-6, Dec-18. [10] Roy B M, 2019, Formulation of a Class of Solvable Standard Quadratic Congruence of Even Composite Modulus, International Journal for Research Trends and Innovations (IJRTI), ISSN: 2456-3315, Vol-4, Issue-3, Mar-19. [11] Roy B M, 2019, Formulation of Some Classes of Solvable Standard Quadratic Congruence modulo a Prime Integer – Multiple of Three & Ten, International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development ( IJSRED), ISSN: 2581-7175, Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-19.