Muhammad Alkirom Wildan

Employee Empowerment; Work Motivation; Employee Performance.

Company or organization requires specific ways to improve the ability of employees between in ways that are giving them motivation to keep them more active in doing their jobs, but it also empower the company to its employees. This study aims to determine how much influence the employee empowerment and work motivation on the performance of supervisors. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach using analytical tools in the form of multiple regression analysis with 130 samples. The results showed that employee empowerment partially affected the performance of supervisors, and partially work motivation affected the performance of supervisors. The test simultaneously produced that all independent variables of employee empowerment and work motivation had positive and significant effects on the performance of supervisors. The dominant variable influences to employee performance are employee empowerment.

[1] Arifin, A. et al.. ( 2014 ). The Effect of Employee empowerment and Motivation on Employee Performance (study of the employees of CV. Catr Perkasa Maunggal). Journal of Business Administration. 8 ( 2 ).
[2] Ekhsan, M. ( 2019 ). Effect of Work Motivation and Discipline on Employee Performance. Journal of Economics and Entrepreneurship. 13 ( 1 ).
[3] Ghozali, Imam. ( 2013 ). Multivariate Analysis Application with the IBM SPSS 21 Program. Semarang: Doponegoro University Publisher Agency.
[4] Government Regulation No. 46 of 2011 concerning Performance Evaluation of Civil Servants’ Work Performance.
[5] Hendayadi, Agus. ( 2011 ). Employee empowerment of Regional Apartments (Theoretical Study of Regional Apparatus Performance). Journal of Political Science and Government. 1 ( 1 ).
[6] ILO. ( 2013 ). Human Resource Management for Successful Cooperation and Business. Jakarta: ILO.
[7] Juniant ara, IW and Riana, IG ( 2015 ). Effect of Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance of Cooperatives in Denpasar. E-Journal of Economics and Business.
[8] Kadarisman, M. ( 2012 ). Human Resource Development Management. PT. RajaGrafindoPersada: Jakarta.
[9] Masram and Mu’ah, ( 2017 ). Management of Professional Human Resources. Sidoarjo: Zifatama Publisher.
[10] Permanasari, R. (2013). Effect of Motivation and Work Environment on the Performance of PT. AnugrahRaharjo Semarang. Management Analysis Journal, 2 (2).
[11] Potu, A. (2013). Leadership, motivation, and work environment influence on employee performance at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Suluttenggodan North Maluku State Assets in Manado. EMBA Journal. 1 (4).
[12] Rahmawati, NH, ( 2016). Effect of Compensation and Work Experience on Employee Performance. Journal of Management Science and Research. 5 (4).
[13] Riniwati, Harsuko. ( 2011 ). Boosting Motivation and Performance: HR Employee empowerment Approach. Malang: UB Press.
[14] Sofian, E. and Julkarnain ( 2019). The Effect of Work Experience and Work Spirit on Employee Performance at PT. Dutagriya Sarana Medan.
[15] Sugiyono ( 2010 ). Qualitative Quantitative Methods and R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta
[16] Sunyoto, D. ( 2013 ) Human Resource Management. Jakarta: Center For Academic Publishing Service.
[17] Suprihono, S. ( 2017 ). The Effect of Self- efficacy and Employee empowerment on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment Mediation. Journal of Economics and Business, 12 ( 24 ).
[18] Suryadewi, PC ( 2014 ). The Effect of Employee Employee empowerment on Employee Performance at PT. Bali Segara Nusantara. Journal of Economic Education. 4 ( 1 )
[19] Suwatno and DoniJuniPriansa, ( 2011 ). HR Management in Public and Business Organizations. Alfabeta: Bandung.
[20] Tielung, J. ( 2013 ). Employee Employee empowerment, Motivation, and Organizational Commitment to Employee Performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Region VII Manado. EMBA Journal. 1 ( 4 ).
[21] Wirawan, KE et al (2019). Effect of Education Level and Work Experience on Employee Performance. Journal of Management. 5 (1).

M. C. A. Nazar

Board Independent; Board of Directors; Firm Performance; ROA

The study investigates the effect of board independent on firm performance of Sri Lankan listed companies. This study employs a cross section analysis of 120 firms as sample of listed firms in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) for the financial year ending2019 and multivariate analyses are used to test the proposed hypothesis. The board independent variable being the independent variable and firm performance (ROA) variable being the dependent variable are confirmed under regression model. The results of the study display that board independence is negatively connected with ROA. Further, Board size and CEO duality are significantly negatively associated with ROA. Moreover, a control variable of firm size is significantly positively connected with ROA and leverage is negatively related with ROA though not significant. The findings of the study indicate mixed results which are in consistent with empirical evidence of developed nation.

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[3] Bhagat, S., & Black, B. (1999). The uncertain relationship between board composition and firm performance. The Business Lawyer, 921-963.
[4] Brennan, N. (2006). Boards of directors and firm performance: is there an expectations gap? Corporate Governance: An International Review, 14(6), 577-593.
[5] Dahya, J., &Mc Connell, J.J. (2005), Outside directors and board decision, Journal of corporate Finance, 11(1-2), 37-60.
[6] Dehaene, A., De Vuyst, V., &Ooghe, H. (2001). Corporate performance and board structure in Belgian companies. Long Range Planning, 34(3), 383-398.
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[8] Fooladi, M. (2012).Board characteristics and firm performance, Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 8(5), 688-694.
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[10] Jensen, M.C., & Meckling, W.H.(1976),Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency cost and ownership structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305-360.
[11] Lee, Y.S., Rosenteins, S., & Wyatt, J.G. (1999).The value of financial outside directors on corporate boards, International Review of Economics and Finance, 8(4), 421-431.
[12] Leung, S., Richardson, G., & Jaggi, B. (2014). Corporate board and board committee independence, firms performance, and family ownership concentration: An analysis based on Hong Kong firms, 10(1), 16-31.
[13] Liu, Y., Miletkov, M. K., Wei, Z., & Yang, T. (2015).Board independence and firm performance in China.Journal of corporate Finance, 30, 223-244.
[14] O’Connell, V., & Cramer, N. (2010).The relationship between firm performance and board characteristics in Ireland. European Management Journal, 28(5), 387-399.
[15] Stiles, P. & Taylor, B. (2001) Boards at work: how directors view their roles and responsibilities. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[16] Weir, L. & Laing.D. (2001). Governance structures, director independence and corporate performance in the U.K. European Business Review, 13(2), 86-94, 2001.
[17] Yermack, D. (1996). Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors. Journal of Financial Economics, 40(2), 185-211.
[18] Zubaidah, Z.A., Nurmala, M.K., & Kamaruzaman, J. (2009), Board structure and corporate performance in Malaysia, International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 1(1), pp. 150-164.

Ljupcho Naumovski

Motivation; Knowledge; Abilities; Talent; Skills.

The world is really in a fast-changing process with the emergence of new technologies and new products, and the market makes it in a state of constant motion. All of this results in each individual’s motivation, knowledge and self-development to grow every day. But every day the amount of information is growing. Therefore, we are often in a dilemma of why the same people in the same or almost identical conditions achieve different successes, so at the same time, we turn to the concept of motivation, knowledge, ability, confident that the difference in people’s success can be explained with this. Discussing this problem is impossible without considering the role of manifestation and development of motivation for knowledge and skills acquisition. Knowledge is one of the most important activities of man. At all times, people try to get to know the world around them, society, and even themselves. Abilities are characteristics of temperament properties, which are reflected in the activity of regulatory systems, which can be expressed in an individual approach to a person in the process of performing his or her professional activities, in the process of communication, and the correction of individual behaviour.
Motivation is one of the most important drivers of the economic activity of the personnel and organization management system, with the main aim of creating the conditions for the motivation of the work team. In this case, a wide range of questions must be answered: What motivates a person’s economic activity? What are the motives for consumer behaviour in the commodity market? What drives a person to buy or sell stocks? What motivates them to desire to change jobs or professions? What attracts (deters) the new position offered to him?

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[4] Ilyin E.P., (2000), Motivation and motives. SPb.
[5] Maslow A., (1993), The father reaches of human nature. Penguin (Non-Classics) p. 336.
[6] Maslow A., (1999), Motivation and Personality, St. Petersburg.
[7] Alekseev P.V., Panin A.V., (1991), Theory of knowledge and dialectics, M.
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[15] McClelland D., (2007), Human Motivation: Series “Masters of Psychology”, St. Petersburg: Peter.
[16] Torrans E., (1965), Bringing creative thinking into, Education, Vol. 85., No.3, p. 547–550.
[17] Borland James H., (1991), Planning and Implementing Programs for the Gifted / James H. Borland. – New York, London Teachers college press, p.250.
[18] Angel J.F., Blackwell R.D., Miniard P.U., (1999) Consumer behavior. SPb.,p.331.
[19] Naumovski Ljupco and Jasminka Naumovska,“Uneployment and Unathorized Road about Apathy and Poverty the Macedonian Man without Knowledge and Skills” International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences (IRJMIS) Vol. 4 Issue 4 July 2017 p. 39-50.

Dr. Jayanta Kar Sharma

Education Policy; Document; Language; Culture; Mother Tongue; Local Language; Multilingualism; Three-Language Formula

Education is one that can bring national unity in a multilingual nation, as well as it is a good means of maintaining multilingualism and national unity. Linguistic discourse somewhere connects us with our language and speech. Education policy is the basic requirement of any nation, which includes the analysis of the past, the need of the present and the possibilities of the future. Education policy is an important initiative towards ensuring the all-round development of Indian society. It aims to promote the preservation and development of all Indian languages. The main problem in a multilingual and multicultural country like India is to decide which language to use as a medium of instruction. It was for the first time that the mother tongue was made the medium of education at the primary level keeping in mind the interests of the Indian people in education policy. The language issues from paragraphs 4.11 to 4.22 have been presented very carefully under the heading ‘Multilingualism and the power of language of this document. The inclusion of vernacular in education will give new life to the endangered languages and will help to keep children connected to their culture. Of course, this will lead to a qualitative increase in the creative ability of the students. India’s cultural and social splendour lies in education in the native language i.e. mother tongue. The new education policy lays emphasis on the use of mother tongue or vernacular for the medium of primary education, which aims to advance children in the field of education by keeping children connected to their mother tongue and culture. In order to preserve this multilingual society it is necessary that children have the opportunity to learn multilingual proficiency from school education to college and university education. The National Education Policy 2020 proposes early implementation of a three-language formula to promote multilingualism from the school level. This education policy is a vibrant document to empower the mother tongue and Indian languages. New education policy 2020 has been announced in line with public aspirations and according to national needs and challenges. For the first time in the country, the use of technology in machine learning, artificial intelligence and translation has been emphasised in a policy document. Emphasis has been laid on the study of Indian languages, classical languages, and Sanskrit. The education system has four major dimensions – students, teachers, curriculum and infrastructural facilities. Keeping these four in mind, the new education policy appears with wide potential. If we try to understand in totality, at the policy level, special emphasis has been laid on language-multilingualism, language-education-teaching etc. The new education policy will help in contributing to the development of self-reliant India. If it is implemented well with better coordination with other policies then it will be a far-reaching policy.
The objectives of the present study are to find out why and how far the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP2020) was necessary to prepare. How the education policy is an important initiative towards ensuring the all-round development of Indian society. The language issues in the document and how Multilingualism and the power of language of the NEP document can play a vital role for holistic development of the students from primary to higher education.

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[10] Devy, Ganesh. https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/modi-govts-new-education-policy-is-nothing-but-a-national-exclusion-policy-say-experts/retrieved on 30.11.2020
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Dr. Suesh Kumar Pandey

Culture Change; Indentured Labourers; Migration; Dowry; Caste System; Economic Achievements

The research paper aims at the indagation of the cultural changes for descendants of Indian indentured labourers in Fiji as comparison to Indians. It explores the aspects of living, traditional values, and workforce participation in both jurisdictions. It also enhances the different attributes of Indian culture en casting the cultural realm and the practices been reshaped in Fiji. The paper intends to systemically explain the differences between cultural and traditional characteristics of India’s culture and Indo-Fijian culture. The inclination of lifestyle towards westernization and modernization will also be highlighted which amplifies the aspect of change to time and necessities. The research methodology adopted by the researchers is mixed-method and the data collection was made through the use of a questionnaire. Conclusively, the study done commutates the thorough use of questionnaires. Conclusively, the study done commutates the shift in cultural aspects and its reorientation and traditional values among Indo-Fijian living in Fiji.

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D. Sasikala

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This paper discusses about bankruptcy risk through Altman Z-score, distress of business trend through Piotroski F-Score, risk of earnings manipulation through Messod Beneish M-score models of Samsung Electronics Ltd. Altman Z-score model which is an accurate forecaster of failure up to two years prior to distress. It can be considered the assessment of the distress of industrial corporations, business trend (Piotroski F-Score), Messod Beneish M score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation.

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Pradeepa.V.M

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Handicraft industry is one of the traditional industries in India as well as in Kerala. In India, the handicrafts sector creates the employment generation of 68.86 lakh artisans. The handicraft industry gives direct and indirect employment opportunities in Kerala, especially for rural peoples. Major income earners from this sector are mainly from economically backward societies. Central and State government gives incentives and support to the artisans mainly through the Handicrafts Apex Co-operative Society (SURABHI) in Kerala. In recent years handicrafts industry faces some problems regarding marketing and production of their products. Efficient working of the Handicrafts Co-operative Society is essential for the development of the artisan. This study is taken to identify the performance of SURABHI in Kerala mainly regarding employment, assistance provided by the government, Turnover and Profit.

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