Mylaudy Dr. S. Rajadurai, Fatima Rajadurai

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect; Global Warming; Climate Change; Catalytic Reduction of CO₂.

The uncontrolled natural calamities and catastrophes are frequently occurring due to climate change caused by global warming. The rapid increasing of carbon dioxide percentage in the atmosphere has been identified as one of the major contributors for the enhanced greenhouse effect, global warming and climate change. The amount of carbon dioxide produced from burning of fossil fuels is approximately 65%, which is more than any other sources of carbon dioxide emission. Also, it causes unstable thermal equilibrium in Earth and affects living organisms. Catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide using different catalysts are attempted to reduce carbon dioxide from internal combustion engine. Catalyst such as ZSM-5 Zeolite, activated wood charcoal, ZnO loaded activated charcoal, KOH loaded activated charcoal, activated alumina, charcoal derived from coconut raw materials and lithium silicate coated honeycomb reactor are tested on diesel and gasoline engines and the results are compared. Both absorption and adsorption takes place during CO2 reduction. Conversion vary from less 10% to more than 50% on different materials with different porosity and acidic sites. Modified synthetic materials with mega pores will be used to get more reduction of CO2.

[1] Dr. S. Rajadurai, R.K. Anulatha, “Carbon Dioxide Fixation – The Must and the Path”, International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, Volume 2 No 5 May 2012
[2] Sivanandi Rajadurai and Prasanti Raveendran, “Environmental accountability for a sustainable Earth”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 4 issue 3 (March 2011), 355-360.
[3] Mylaudy Dr. S Rajadurai, J. Maya, “Carbon Dioxide Reduction in Diesel Power Generator using Modified Charcoal”, International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology, Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2015.
[4] S. Rajadurai, R.K Anulatha, “Catalytic Reduction of CO2 in Gasoline Passenger Car”, International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 8, October 2014
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Manimozhi Selvi V, Amutha R, Nirmalakumari

Cowpea; Cultivated Forms; Inheritance of Flower Colour

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose, underutilized legume crop mostly grown in dry tropical areas. It is one of the maximum crucial food legume vegetation, famous large morphological variability in its wild as well as cultivated bureaucracy. The present investigation was carried out in F1, F2 and F3 generations of four inter sub-specific crosses (RC101×Vyjayanthi, RC101× Vellayani jyothica, ACM 05-02×Ettumanoor local and ACM 05-07× Vyjayanthi) of cowpea to study the inheritance pattern of flower pod colour in F2 and F3 generations. Inheritance of flower colour and pod colour in cowpea has followed a qualitative pattern. Purple flower colour is dominant over white colour flower whereas, purple colour pod is partially dominant over green pod colour. A segregation ratio of three purple: 1 white flower coloration in F2 technology of two crosses indicated that white flower color is managed by single recessive. Whereas segregation ratio of F2 1 green; 2 Light purple: 1 purple colour pod indicated that purple colour pod is partially dominant over green pod colour and it’s governed by single gene.

[1] Asante, I. K. “Seed coat inheritance in the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.” Ghana Journal of Science 39 (1999): 77-81.
[2] Belay F, Fisseha K (2021) Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and divergence in Ethiopian cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] landraces. J Agric Sc Food Technol 7(1): 138-146. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-815X.000101
[3] Emmanuel Y.Owusu, Benjamin Karikari, Francis Kusi, Mohammed Haruna, Richard A.Amoa, PatrickAttamah, GloriaAdazebra, Emmanuel K.Sie and MemunatuIssahaku. Genetic variability, heritability and correlation analysis among maturity and yield traits in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) in Northern Ghana. 2021. Heliyon. 7:9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon .2021.e07890.
[4] Erana Kebede & Zelalem Bekeko | Manuel Tejada Moral (Reviewing editor) (2020) Expounding the production and importance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Ethiopia, Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6:1, DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2020.1769805
[5] Eswaran, R S, Kumar Thirugnana and Venkatesan M. Genetic variability and association of component characters for earliness in cowpea. 2007. Legume Research, 30(1): 17-23.
[6] Faris, D.G. (1965). The orgin and evolution of the cultivated forms of Vigna sinensis. Canadian J. Genet. Cytol., 7: 433-452.
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[8] Harland, S. C. “Inheritance of certain characters in the cowpea (Vigna sinensis).” Journal of Genetics 8.2 (1919): 101-132.
[9] Jindla, L. N., and K. B. Singh. “Inheritance of flower colour, leaf shape and pod length in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.).” Indian Journal of Heredity 2.1 (1970): 45-49.
[10] Pandey, I. D., B. B.Singh and D. Kuamar. 2007. Present status and future prospects of cowpea research in India. J.Arid legumes, 4(1): 26-30.
[11] Pandiyan, M, Vaithilingan, M, Krishnaveni, A, Sivakumar, P, Sivakumar, C, Jamuna, E, Sivakumar, B, Sivaji, M, Yuvaraj, M and Senthilkumar, P. Genetic Variability Studies on Cowpea Genotypes. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(6): 3794-3797.
[12] Premsekar, S. “A genetic analysis of the progenies of the hybrid Vigna sinensis (l.) Savi. and V. sesquipedalis (l.) Fruw.” (1972).
[13] Singh, B. B. “Recent genetic studies in cowpea.” Challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainable cowpea production (2002): 3-13.
[14] Steele, W. M., 1976. Cowpeas. In: Evolution of Crop Plants, Ed. N. W. Simmonds,Longman, London, UK.
[15] Uguru, M. I. “Heritable relationships and variability of yield and yield components in vegetables cowpea.” African Crop Science Journal 3.1 (1995).
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Gayatree Sahoo, Braja Kishore Sahoo

Reproductive Rate; Age Specific Life Table Study; Stage-Specific Life Table Study; Milled Rice Grains.

An experiment was conducted on the study of life table statistics of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae in milled rice grains in the laboratory of Department of Entomology of College of Agriculture under Odisha University of agriculture and technology, Bhubaneswar in coastal climatic condition of Odisha indicated that the stage-specific life table study revealed that the sex ratio was 0.94: 1.00 with a generation survival rate of 0.569. The age specific (female fecundity) life table study revealed the net reproductive rate (R0) of 16.35 with the mean length of generation (T) of 36.65 days and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of 0.076.

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[5] Howe RW. (1952). the biology of the rice weevil, Calandra oryzae L. Annals of Applied Biology, 39:168-180.
[6] Kangmontree B. (2005). Studies of Life Tables and Damages of Rice Weevil [Sitophilus oryzse] (L.). Master of Science (Entomology) thesis submitted at Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University.
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Maheshwaran S, A.Amudha

SOC; SRAM; DRAM; ATPG

Embedded reminiscence performs a large position in digital structures functions due to the increase of the information dimension required by means of many of these applications, such as video games and conversation protocols. In addition, the ever-increasing hole between processor speed, most important memory, and bus pace (memory wall) creates a want for more on-chip reminiscence to hold the processor busy and amplify throughput. In addition to the expand of processor frequency, the integration of many cores or functional units on the identical chip, which is referred to as gadget on chip (SOC), requires larger memory size. Embedded reminiscence compromises greater than 50 p.c of the chip area and larger than eighty percent of transistor counts. Increased system variant due to science scaling and the want for excessive density reminiscence consequences in a huge assignment to meet the stringent necessities on performance, power, and yield. The SRAM is a one of the main roll of the embedded system memory.

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[8] Wang; Bo Zheng; Bohr, M. A 3-GHz 70-Mb SRAM in 65-nm CMOS Technology With Integrated Column-Based Dynamic Power Supply, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, volume 41,April 2006, pp. 146–152.
[9] K Zhang, U Bhattacharya, Z Chen, F Hamzaoglu, D Murray, N Vallepalli, A 1.1GHz 12μA/Mb-Leakage RAM Design in 65nm Ultra-Low-Power CMOS with Integrated Leakage Reduction for Mobile Applications, in IEEE ISSCC, February 2007, pp. 324–327

Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Ajay Kumar

Mechanical and Electrical Oscillators; Impulsive Responses; Rohit Transform.

The analysis of impulsive responses of mechanical and electrical oscillators is a well-known problem in applied sciences and engineering. In this paper, the impulsive responses of mechanical and electrical oscillators are obtained by the new integral transform ‘Rohit transform’. This paper brings up the Rohit transform as a new technological approach for obtaining the impulsive responses of mechanical and electrical oscillators. The results obtained by applying the Rohit transform are the same as obtained with other integral transforms or approaches.

[1] Rahul Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Dinesh Verma, Application of Convolution Method to the Impulsive Response of A Lightly Damped Harmonic Oscillator, International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences ,Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.173-175, June (2019).
[2] Fundamentals of Physics by Dr. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Publisher: John Wiley and sons, 10th edition.
[3] Mathematical physics by E. Butkov, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1968, Chapter 7.
[4] Murray R. Spiegel, Theory and Problems of Laplace Transforms, Schaum’s outline series, McGraw – Hill.
[5] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sonica Rajput, Analysis of Damped Harmonic Oscillator by Matrix Method, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), Volume 5, Issue 4, October 2018, pp. 479-484.
[6] Dinesh Verma, Yuvraj Singh, Rohit Gupta, Response of Electrical Networks with Delta Potential via Mohand Transform, International Research Journal of Innovations Engineering and Technology, volume 2, issue 2, February 2020, pp. 41-43.
[7] Rohit Gupta, Loveneesh Talwar, Rahul Gupta, Analysis of Ɍ-Ł- Ϲ network circuit with steady voltage source, and with steady current source via convolution method, International journal of scientific & technology research, volume 8 Issue 11, November 2019, pp. 803-807.
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[9] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Matrix method for deriving the response of a series Ł- Ϲ- Ɍ network connected to an excitation voltage source of constant potential, Pramana Research Journal, Volume 8, Issue 10, 2018, pp. 120-128.
[10] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sonica Rajput, Convolution Method for the Complete Response of a Series Ł-Ɍ Network Connected to an Excitation Source of Sinusoidal Potential, International Journal of Research in Electronics And Computer Engineering, Vol. 7, issue 1, January- March 2019, pp. 658-661.
[11] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sonica Rajput, Response of a parallel Ɫ- Ϲ- ℛ network connected to an excitation source providing a constant current by matrix method, International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management, Vol. 4, Issue 7, Oct. 2018, pp. 212-217.
[12] Rohit Gupta and Loveneesh Talwar, “Elzaki Transform Means To Design A Protective RC Snubber Circuit,” International Journal of Scientific and Technical Advancements, Volume 6, Issue 3, 2020, pp. 45-48.
[13] Rohit Gupta, “On Novel Integral Transform: Rohit Transform and Its Application to Boundary Value Problems”, ASIO Journal of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics & Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2020, 08-13.
[14] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Dinesh Verma, Solving Schrodinger equation for a quantum mechanical particle by a new integral transform: Rohit Transform, “ASIO Journal of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics & Applied Sciences , 4(1), 2020, pp. 32-36.
[15] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Analysis of RLC circuits with exponential excitation sources by a new integral transform: Rohit Transform, ASIO Journal of Engineering & Technological Perspective Research, 5(1), 2020, pp.22-24.
[16] Anamika, Rohit Gupta, Analysis Of Basic Series Inverter Via The Application Of Rohit Transform, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Vol-6, Issue-6, 2020, pp. 868-873.
[17] Loveneesh Talwar, Rohit Gupta, Analysis of Electric Network Circuits with Sinusoidal Potential Sources via Rohit Transform, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 9(11), 2020, pp. 3020-3023.
[18] Neeraj Pandita, Rohit Gupta, Analysis Of Uniform Infinite Fin via Means Of Rohit Transform, , International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 6(6), 2020, pp. 1033-1036.
[19] Neeraj Pandita, Rohit Gupta, Analysis Of Uniform Infinite Fin via Means Of Rohit Transform, , International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 6(6), 2020, pp. 1033-1036.
[20] Gupta R., Gupta R., Verma D. 2022. Response of RLC network circuit with steady source via Rohit transform. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 21-27. doi: 10.4314/ijest.v14i1.3
[21] Gupta R., Singh I., 2022. Analysis of one-way streamline flow between parallel plates via Rohit integral transform, International Journal of Trendy Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 29-32.
[22] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Anamika, Response of a Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Instrument via the Application of Rohit Transform, Engineering and Scientific International Journal (ESIJ), 8(2), 2021 ,pp. 42-46. doi: 10.30726/esij/v8.i2.2021.82010
[23] Neeraj Pandita and Rohit Gupta, Heat Conducted Through Fins Of Varying Cross-Sect ions Via Rohit Transform, EPRA Journal Of Research And Development, 5(12), 2020, pp. 222-226.
[24] Rohit Gupta, Inderdeep Singh, Ankush Sharma, Response of an Undamped Forced Oscillator via Rohit Transform, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, Volume 10. No.8, 2022, pp. 396-400. doi: 10.30534/ijeter/2022/031082022.
[25] Rohit Gupta Rahul Gupta, Analysis Of Damped Mechanical And Electrical Oscillators By Rohit transform, ASIO Journal Of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics & Applied Sciences, 4(1), 2020, pp. 45-47.
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[27] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sonica Rajput, Analysis of Damped Harmonic Oscillator by Matrix Method, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5(4), 2018, pp. 479-484.

Degachi Haifa, Yengui Ameni, and Neji Mahmoud

Axioms; Criteria; Evaluation; MOTunAr; Ontology.

Due to its potential for supporting heterogeneous and various data, ontologies are used in serval domains, notably the archaeological one. In this paper, we want to present a multimedia ontology that designs the different entities involved in the Tunisian archaeological field. On another hand, the task of creating ontology is error-prone. The quality of ontology should be sequentially evaluated based on various criteria (e.g., coherence, consciences, interoperability, etc.). Axioms present the guarantor to satisfy high quality for a developed ontology. Therefore, we detail in this work a hybrid approach that guarantees the quality of the generated ontology. This approach combines the corrective method that defines the positive axioms, and the constructive method that defines all relevant axioms based on the elimination of model and integrity constraints. The generated ontology is evaluated with the Pellet reasoner and OOPS! Online service.

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[2] D. Haifa, Y. Ameni, and N. Mahmoud, “Accomplishment of multimedia ontology for the tunisian archaeology field,” in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 1184, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021, pp. 64–72.
[3] D. Haifa, Y. Ameni, and N. Mahmoud, “Multimedia Ontology of the Tunisian Archaeology Field,” in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Jul. 2020, vol. 1105 AISC, pp. 321–330, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-36674-2_33.
[4] D. Haifa, Y. Ameni, and N. Mahmoud, “Towards a Multimedia Ontology for Tunisian Archaeology Field,” Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICTA49490.2019.9144900.
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A.D. Oguizu, O.S. Nweze

Ultra-Processed Foods; Adults; Anthropometric Status; Abia State; Nigeria.

Background: Ultra-processed foods are industrially formulated food products manufactured largely by food companies packaged in such a way to make them intensely palatable, have long shelf stability and eliminate the need for culinary preparations.
Objective: This study assessed the consumption of ultra-processed foods and anthropometric status of adults aged (20-49 years) in Ikwuano Local Government Area Abia State, Nigeria.
Methods: The study was a cross sectional survey of 440 adults randomly selected for the study. A well-structured and validated questionnaire was used to collect information on the socio-economic and demographic characteristics, the consumption of ultra-processed foods, the dietary pattern and anthropometric status of the respondents. The questionnaires were coded and entered into computer using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square analysis was used to assess the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and anthropometric status of the respondents.
Results: More than half of the respondents (67.0%) were males while 33.0% were females. Majority of the adults (62.3%) were between the ages of 26 and 32 years. Majority of the respondents (80.0%) were Christian, about 18.0% were traditionalist, and more than half of the respondents (82.2%) were Igbo. More than half of the respondents (63.6%) had tertiary education. About a quarter of the respondents (48.0%) were traders/business persons, 27.7% were civil/public servant, 8.2% were farmers and 2.5% were unemployed. About a quarter of the respondents (46.8%) earned less than ₦30,000 a month. only a few of the respondents (3.4%) earned above ₦91,000 per month. One third of the respondents consumed sweets, candies, soft drinks, pizza, burger, pasta, canned vegetables and sweetened breakfast cereals daily. About half of the respondents (53.0%) who were overweight consumed soft drinks daily. A total of 36.3% of the respondents were overweight, while 20% were obese. The chi-square analysis showed there was a significant association (p<0.000) between consumption of cake, pizza, burger and BMI of the respondents. Obesity was higher amongst male adults than female adults.
Conclusion: One third of the respondents were overweight, while about 20% were obese. There is need to focus on educating the community on the need to consume home-made dishes from fresh indigenous foods.

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Amit Gurav, Amol Ghadge

Urban Farming; Hydroponic; Tower Prototype; Cocopeat.

In today’s date urban farming is one of the key solutions to global food insecurity, however due to land scarcity inside urban areas, implementation of these solution is challenging. To address this urban hydroponic farming is introduced since hydroponics is an effective way of conserving both water and space. However, hydroponics itself is complicated because there are various factors that can affect the growth of plants. This study shows the design, fabrication and testing of hydroponic tower prototype for growing various crop using cocopeat as a growing media. Also, analysis on various parameters such as plant length, leaf size, ambient temperature, relative humidity, pH level and electrical conductivity can be done. Plant growth and environmental condition showed that hydroponic tower was a success in terms of growing ‘Fenugreek’ (Methi) using cocopeat media.

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[2] Ghosh B., I. Chandra and S. Chatterjee. 2015. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and its necessity (Review Paper). Fire journal of Engineering and Technology. Vol.1 (1), pp. 60-67.
[3] Jensen M. H.1991. Hydroponic Culture for the Tropics: Opportunities and Alternatives. Asian and Pacific Council. Food Technology Center, pp. 1-14.
[4] Pandey R., V. Jain and K. P. Singh. 2009. Hydroponics Agriculture: Its Status, Scope and Limitations. Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, pp. 20-29.
[5] Sardare M. D. and S. V. Admane. 2013. A review on plant without soil-hydroponics. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol.2 (3), pp. 299-304.
[6] Sharma N., S. Acharya, K. Kumar, N. Singh and O. P. Chaurasia. 2018. Hydroponics as an advanced technique for vegetable production: An overview.

Rahul Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Dinesh Verma

Gupta Transform; Network Circuits; Exponential Source; Response

In science and engineering, the analysis of Inductor, Capacitor and Resistor (LCR) network circuits is a principal course and is generally done by applying calculus or integral transforms. In this paper, we will analyze LCR network circuits with exponential excitation sources by applying the new integral transform ‘Gupta Transform’ and obtain their responses in the form of current or voltage. This paper presents the application of the ‘Gupta Transform’ and proves its applicability for analyzing the LCR network circuits with exponential excitation sources and concludes that ‘Gupta Transform’ like other methods or approaches is also an effective and simple tool.

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[3] Network Analysis M. E. Van Valkenburg, 3rd Edition. Publisher: Pearson Education, 2015.
[4] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Analysis of RLC circuits with exponential excitation sources by a new integral transform: Rohit Transform, “ASIO Journal of Engineering & Technological Perspective Research (ASIOJETPR)”, 5(1), 2020, pp.22-24.
[5] Murray R. Spiegel, Theory and Problems of Laplace Transforms. Publisher: Schaum’s outline series, McGraw Hill.
[6] Anamika, Rohit Gupta, Analysis Of Basic Series Inverter Via The Application of Rohit Transform, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Volume 6, Issue 6, 2020, pp. 868-873.
[7] Loveneesh Talwar, Rohit Gupta, Analysis of Electric Network Circuits with Sinusoidal Potential Sources via Rohit Transform, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (IJAREEIE), Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2020, pp. 3020-3023.
[8] Rohit Gupta, Anamika Singh, Rahul Gupta, Response of Network Circuits Connected to Exponential Excitation Sources, International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, issue 2, Feb. 2020, pp.14-17.
[9] Rohit Gupta, Anamika Singh, Rahul Gupta, Response of Network Circuits Connected to Exponential Excitation Sources, International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 7, Issue 2, February 2020, pp.14-17.
[10] Dinesh Verma, Yuvraj Singh, Rohit Gupta, Response of Electrical Networks with Delta Potential via Mohand Transform, International Research Journal of Innovations Engineering and Technology, volume 2, issue 2, pp. 41-43, February 2020.
[11] Rohit Gupta, Loveneesh Talwar, Rahul Gupta, Analysis of network circuit with steady voltage source, and with steady current source via convolution method, International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2019, pp. 803-807.
[12] Rohit Gupta, Yuvraj Singh, Dinesh Verma, Response of a basic series inverter by the application of convolution theorem, “ASIO Journal of Engineering & Technological Perspective Research (ASIO-JETPR)”, 5(1), 2020, pp. 14-17.
[13] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sonica Rajput, Convolution Method for the Complete Response of a Series Ł-Ɍ Network Connected to an Excitation Source of Sinusoidal Potential, International Journal of Research in Electronics And Computer Engineering, IJRECE, Vol. 7, issue 1 (January- March 2019), pp. 658-661.
[14] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Matrix method for deriving the response of a series Ł- Ϲ- Ɍ network connected to an excitation voltage source of constant potential, Pramana Research Journal, Volume 8, Issue 10, 2018, pp. 120-128.
[15] Rohit Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sonica Rajput, Response of a parallel Ɫ- Ϲ- ℛ network connected to an excitation source providing a constant current by matrix method, International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM),Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018, pp. 212-217.
[16] Rohit Gupta, Loveneesh Talwar, Dinesh Verma, Exponential Excitation Response of Electric Network Circuits via Residue Theorem Approach, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, volume 6, issue 3, pp. 47-50, March (2020).
[17] Rahul Gupta and Rohit Gupta, “Impulsive Responses of Damped Mechanical and Electrical Oscillators,” International Journal of Scientific and Technical Advancements, Volume 6, Issue 3, pp. 41-44, 2020.
[18] Rahul Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Dinesh Verma, “Propounding a New Integral Transform: Gupta Transform with Applications in Science and Engineering”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, volume 6, issue 3, PP. 14-19, March (2020).
[19] Rahul Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Dinesh Verma, “Application of Novel Integral Transform: Gupta Transform to Mechanical and Electrical Oscillators”, ASIO Journal of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics & Applied Sciences (ASIO-JCPMAS), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2020, 04-07.
[20] Rahul Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Loveneesh Talwar, Gupta Transform Approach to the Series RL and RC Networks with Steady Excitation Sources, Engineering and Scientific International Journal (ESIJ), Volume 8, Issue 2, 2021, PP. 45-47.
[21] Rahul Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Dinesh Verma, Determining Rate Of Heat Convected From A Uniform Infinite Fin Using Gupta Transform, Roots International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Researches, Vol.7, No. 3, 2021, PP. 66-70.

Prof. Samir A. Hamouda and Maqboula Khamis Ibrahim

Optical Transmission Method; Refractive Index (N); Extinction Coefficient (K); Salt Water; Dielectric Constant.

Optical constants such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and the real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components of the dielectric constant for NaCl salt water (10-50%) were determined from the UV Optical transmission data. Results of UV transmission analysis in salt water have shown that in dilute solutions the dielectric constant (real & img) is linear. The addition of dissolved Na and Cl ions above (50%) to water results in a drop in dielectric constant.

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