Higher Education for the 21st Century – Innovations Issues, Problems and Challenges

Author

Dr. N. Parameshwara

Keywords

Higher Education System; Innovation; Higher Learning Institution; Social Capital; Problem and Challenges

Abstract

Advanced education framework assumes a critical job for the nations all in all development which incorporates mechanical, social, and financial and so on. The job of Indian higher instructive establishments, for example, schools and colleges in the current period is to manage the cost of value based training in the ground of training; research and so forth to enable youth for self-supportability. This paper incorporates the key difficulties that India is as of now looking in advanced education and also incorporates different activities taken by the administration to address those difficulties. Our imperfect world is progressing unyieldingly towards unsure future situations, and we should attempt to send it towards manageability, that is, towards another method of getting things done in direct to improve our condition while simultaneously accomplishing equity, social equity and financial solidness. Anyway change is beyond the realm of imagination without learning, similarly as learning isn’t feasible without change. In the content that follows, I will investigate the requirement for another type of instruction in the present society and distinguish the particular issues and difficulties that advanced education faces. Developments in training are respected, alongside the instruction framework, inside the setting of a cultural super framework connoting their interrelations and interdependencies at all levels. Sustaining the greatness and proportion of innovations in training will certainly trouble instruction itself and bit of leeway the whole society. It will likewise investigate upset and sure of the undertakings to progress in advanced education, just as a portion of the victories. While this paper will, in no way, shape or form, bear the cost of an extreme heading for schools and colleges, it will suggest a few changes that can be executed on any grounds to show signs of improvement results and efficiencies.

References

[1] Boyce, Mary E., “Organizational Learning is Essential to Achieving and Sustaining Change in Higher Education”, Innovative Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 2, pages 119-136, 2003.
[2] Ray Land, Agency, context and change in academic development, International Journal for Academic Development, 6:1, pages 4-20, 2001.
[3] Robert B. Barr & John Tagg, From Teaching to Learning — A New Paradigm For Undergraduate Education, Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, Volume 27, Issue 6, pages 12-26, 1995.
[4] Gopal K. Kanji, Abdul Malek Bin A. Tambi & William Wallace, A comparative study of quality practices in higher education institutions in the US and Malaysia, Total Quality Management, Volume 10, Issue 3, pages 357-371, 1999.
[5] Annual Report, 2009 -10, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development. Ballal HS. FICCI -Higher Education Summit, Nov 6, 2009, New Delhi, 2009.
[6] Barnett, R. Improving Higher Education. Total Quality Care. Buckingham. SRHE/Open University Press, 1992.
[7] P.S. Aithal & P.M. Suresh Kumar, A study on Innovations and Best Practices in Higher Education Institutions : A case study of SIMS, Proceedings of National conference changing trends in Management, IT, and Social sciences, Manegma 2014, Mangalore, 09/04/2014, ISBN No. 978-81-929306-0-2, (February 2014).
[8] Heyets V.M., Semynozhenko V.P., Kvasnyuk B.Ye. Strategic challenges of the 21st century for the society and economy of Ukraine. Feniks, Kyiv, 2007. (in Ukrainian).
[9] Rogers, D.L., A Paradigm Shift: Technology Integration for Higher Education in the New Millennium. AACE Journal, Charlottesville, VA: AACE, 1(13), pages 19-33. 2000.

Received : 02 March 2020
Accepted : 22 December 2020
Published : 29 December 2020
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v7.i4.2020.74018

Higher Education for the 21st Century - Innovations Issues, Problems and Challenges

Factors of Unhappiness in India

Author

Manu Yadav, Laveena Yadav

Keywords

Happiness; Unhappiness; India; United Nations; World Happiness Report

Abstract

In 2019, United Nations published a report of World Happiness and it shocked the world, India the fifth largest economy of the world, fastest-growing trillion-dollar economy, a second-most populous country in the world ranks 140 out of 156 countries in Happiness Index and the previous reports tell us that Happiness in India is in continuous decline over the last 5 years. Now, what causes the unhappiness among Indians? By doing data analysis of many different datasets, we found that there are six main reasons of unhappiness among Indians, these six reasons are Poor Education System which causes unemployment, Corruption, watching excessive news, Decline in freedom, Less Trust in natives and low GDP per capita. These findings can be useful in boosting happiness in a country.

References

[1] Harari Y. (2015) Homo Deus, 1st ed., Vintage – Penguin, London.
[2] Silver, C. (2020) ‘The Top 20 Economies in the World’ Investopedia [online]. https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies (Accessed 20 Jun 2020).
[3] World Happiness Report. [online] https://worldhappiness.report/ (Accessed 22 Jun 2020)
[4] CNBC Make It (2020) Why Finland And Denmark Are Happier Than The U.S.[‘video’]https://youtu.be/6Pm0Mn0-jYU ( Accessed 21 Jun 2020)
[5] Ohtake, F. (2012) ‘Unemployment and Happiness’. Japan Labor Review [online]. https://www.jil.go.jp/ english/JLR/documents/2012/JLR34_ohtake.pdf (Accessed 22 Jul 2020)
[6] H. Plecher. (2020) ‘Youth Unemployment rate in India’ Statista [online] https://www.statista.com/statistics/812106/youth-unemployment-rate-in-india/ (Accessed 22 Jul 2020)
[7] Keelery, S. (2020) ‘Share of unemployment across India in 2019, by educational qualification’ Statista [online]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1001039/india-unemployment-rate-by-education-level/ (Accessed 24 Jul 2020)
[8] Gorvett, Z. (2020) ‘How the news changes the way we think and behave’ BBC [online]. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200512-how-the-news-changes-the-way-we-think-and-behave(Accessed 1 Jul 2020).
[9] Tharoor, S. (2017) ‘There’s one country in the world where the newspaper industry is still thriving’ World Economic Forum [online]. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/05/despite-the-decline-of-printed-papers-theres-one-place-that-is-bucking-the-trend (Accessed 2 Jul 2020).
[10] Milosevic, M. (2016) World Press Trends Report 2016 [online]WPT/WEF Trends Report, WAN-IFRA https://www.wan-ifra.org/reportdnl?fid=88229&nid=165517&fty=5 (Accessed 3 Jul 2020)
[11] Winter, G. (2018) ‘Research shows a link between Freedom and Happiness’ Thrive Global [online]. . https://thriveglobal.com/stories/research-shows-a-link-between-freedom-and-happiness (Accessed 5 Jul 2020)
[12] Vásquez, I. and Porcnik, T. (2019) Human Freedom Index CATO [dataset]. https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/human-freedom-index-files/human-freedom-index-data-update.csv (Accessed 5 Jul 2020)
[13] Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin and B. Puranen (2014). World Values Survey: Round Six – Country- Pooled Datafile Version: https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp (Accessed 6 Jul 2020)
[14] Zak, P., Stanton, A. and Ahmadi, S. (2007) ‘Oxytocin Increases Generosity In Humans’. PLOS ONE [online]. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001128 (Accessed 8 Jul 2020)
[15] Rosling, H. (2018) Factfulness, 1st ed., Sceptre, London.

Received : 13 October 2020
Accepted : 22 December 2020
Published : 29 December 2020
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v7.i4.2020.74017

Factors of Unhappiness in India

Organizational Culture and HR Practices Impact on Firm Performance

Author

Mannava Sumaja, Dr. Y Chitra Rekha, Dr. Kolachina Srinivas

Keywords

HR Practices; Organizational Culture; Effectiveness; Employee Attitude

Abstract

The managing human resource is a typical task. The multicultural employee attitude managing with merge of organizational culture, which influence HR practices. The functions of organization impact its culture of host and home nation. Culture will impact employee attitude, which reflect on work style. The information collected from various research studies and survey for primary data source from three different IT companies

References

[1] An Expert HR System for Aligning Organizational Culture and Strategy, Elizabeth F. Cabrera Jaime Bonache Published 1999 in Human Resource Planning Vol. 22, no. 1, 51-60
[2] Recruiting across cultures: A value-based model of recruitment, Authors: Rong Ma, David G Allen, Human Resource Management Review, Volume 19, Issue 4, December 2009, Pages 334-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.03.001
[3] Managing Human Resources, 4th edition, By Raymond J. Stone, prepared by Andrew Zur, University of Melbourne, Wiley, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
[4] Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Their Effects on Creativity in Groups Dong I. Jung Published online: 08 Jun 2010, Creativity Research Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hcrj20
[5] The HR system, organizational culture, and product innovation, Authors: Chung Ming Lau, Hang-Yue Ngo, International Business Review 13 (2004) 685–703, Received 5 February 2004; received in revised form 6 July 2004; accepted 20 August 2004.
[6] Knowledge management in a public organization: A study on the relationship between organizational elements and the performance of knowledge transfer, Journal of Knowledge management, volume 8, issue 2, Authors: Syed Omar Sharifuddin Syed‐Ikhsan, Fytton Rowland.
[7] The Impact of Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: Progress and Prospects, Authors: Brian Becker and Barry Gerhart, Academy of Management Journal Vol. 39, No. 4, Published Online:30 Nov 2017, https:// doi.org/ 10.5465/256712.
[8] In search of sustained competitive advantage: the impact of organizational culture, competitive strategy and human resource management practices on firm performance, Author: Lismen L.M. Chan , Margaret A. Shaffer & Ed Snape (2004), The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15:1, 17-35, DOI: 10.1080/0958519032000157320.
[9] The roles of implementation and organizational culture in the HR–performance link, Authors: Irene Hau-Siu Chow (2012) , The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23:15, 3114-3132, DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2011.639553.
[10] Behavioral Norms and Expectations: A Quantitative Approach To the Assessment of Organizational Culture, Robert A. Cooke and Denise M. Rousseau, Group & Organization Management 1988 13: 245, DOI: 10.1177/105960118801300302.
[11] In search of sustained competitive advantage: the impact of organizational culture, competitive strategy and human resource management practices on firm performance, Lismen L.M. Chan , Margaret A. Shaffer & Ed Snape (2004), The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15:1, 17-35, DOI: 10.1080/0958519032000157320.
[12] The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units, Patrick M. Wright, Cornell University, Timothy M. Gardner, Brigham Young University, Lisa M. Moynihan, London Business School, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol 13 No 3, 2003, pages 21-36.
[13] HR Outsourcing and its impact the role transaction costs, BRIAN S. KLAAS, The Darla Moore School of Business Administration University of South Carolina, JOHN MC CLENDON, School of Business and Management, Rmple University.
[14] Thomas W. Gainey, the Darla Moore School of Business Administration, University of South Carolina.
[15] Organizational Culture and Human resource management practices, The Model of Culture Fit, Zeynep Aycan, Koç University, Turkey, Rabindra N. Kanungo, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, JAI B. P. SINHA, ASSERT Institute of Management Studies, India, Downloaded from jcc.sagepub.com at UNIV OF NEW HAMPSHIRE on March 5, 2015.
[16] High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Internal Social structure, W. Randy Evans and Walter D. Davis, Journal of Management 2005 31: 758, http://jom.sagepub.com/content/31/5/758 , The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0149206305279370.
[17] Human resource practices, organizational climate, and customer satisfaction, Kirk L. Rogga, David B. Schmidta, Carla Shulla, Neal Schmittb,* aAon Consulting, 63 Kercheval, Grosse Pointe Farms, MI 48236, USA, Journal of Management 27 (2001) 431–449, bDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, 135 Snyder Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1117, USA, Received 13 March 2000; received in revised form 28 August 2000; accepted 18 October 2000.

Received : 01 February 2020
Accepted : 11 July 2020
Published : 26 July 2020
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v7.i3.2020.73015

Organizational-Culture-and-HR-Practices.pdf

Opportunities and Challenges Facing the 21st C Women Entrepreneurs in India

Author

Dr. Pradnya Chitrao

Keywords

Women Entrepreneurship; Impact on Economy; Challenges Faced by Indian Women

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is important in the 21st C. Entrepreneurship requires innovation and risk-taking. It helps a nation progress in an ever volatile, competitive global business scenario. More and more Indians are taking up the entrepreneurship challenge. Male entrepreneurs are more than their female counterparts (Minniti & Bygrave, 2004). But in America, women-owned businesses provide $1.19 trillion in revenues, and are central to the economy (http://www.nwbc.gov). In India, we’d like to ascertain whether women entrepreneurs are as prominent contributors to the country’s economy.
Purpose of study: The researcher seeks to research the challenges and opportunities faced by Indian women entrepreneurs.
Research Methodology: Both primary as well as secondary research methods were used. A survey of around twenty-fivePune women entrepreneurs was conducted to study the constraints they faced as also the opportunities available to them. The survey also tried to understand the reasons that motivated them to pursue entrepreneurial activities. Qualitative interview technique was used.
Key Findings: The study showed that these women entrepreneurs were not confident, faced many role conflicts, did not have leadership qualities, came from an orthodox family background, did not have the required finances, and found it difficult to strike a work life balance. Most women entrepreneurs are unaware of the financial and training schemes that are available today. Only two exhibited the ambition of increasing business beyond a point.
Originality: The primary research is original. It however can be replicated on a larger scale or in a different city. It is a guide to government and to prospective women entrepreneurs.

References

[1] Ahl. H. (2004). The Scientific Reproduction of Gender Inequality: A Discourse Analysis of Research Texts on Women’s Entrepreneurship. Malmo: DalekeGratiska, Sweden.
[2] Ahl, H. (2006). Why Research on Women Entrepreneurs Needs New Directions. Entrepren. Theory & Practice, 30(5), 595 – 621.
[3] Appelbaum, S.H., Asham, N. &Argheyd, K. (2011). Is the glass ceiling cracked in information technology? A qualitative analysis: part 1. Industrial and Commercial Training, 43(6), 354 – 361.
[4] Bernard, M.C. & Victor, K.R. (2013). SWOT Analysis of Growth of Women Entrepreneurs in Dar Es Salaam. Academic Research International, 4(1), 50 – 58. ISSN-L: 2223-9553, January 2013.
[5] Davidson, Marilyn J. & Burke, Ronald J. (2012). Women in Management Worldwide; Progress and Prospects
[6] Economic Times, Women entrepreneurs judged as women first and entrepreneurs later Updated: Mar 06, 2016, 11.52 AM IST Economic Times, Challenges women entrepreneurs face in the startup ecosystem By PTI | Updated: Mar 08, 2016, 12.42 PM IST
[7] Gersick, Connie J. G. Having it All, Having Too Much, Having Too Little: How women manage trade-offs through adulthood, Working paper, Yale School of Management, January 2013
[8] Goyal, Meenu, Parkash, Jai (2011). Women Entrepreneurship in India: Problems and Prospects. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2011; 195-207(196-200): 2231- 5780
[9] Haq, Mahabubul. (2000). Human Development in South Asia: The Gender Question, Oxford University Press , Oxford
[10] Henry, C., Hill, F. and Leitch C. (2003). Developing a coherent enterprise support policy: a new challenge for governments. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 21, 3-19
[11] Kelley, Donna J., Brush, Candida G. Greene, Patricia G. and Litovsky, Yana. (2011). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010 Women’s Report, 2011
[12] Klasen, Stephan &Pieters, Janneke (March 2015). What Explains the Stagnation of Female Labour Force Participation in India?
[13] Kulkarni, DrNirzar D. R., (2011): Women Leadership in Indian Corporate, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research.
[14] Kumari, Soni. (2012). “Challenges and opportunities for women entrepreneurship in India under globalization”, International Organisation of Scientific Research-JBM Vol 15, issue 2, pp-29-35.
[15] Lipi, A. (2009) “Women Empowerment: Globalization and Opportunities” in Empowerment of Rural Women in India Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi
[16] Mattis, M.C. (2004). Women entrepreneurs: out from under the glass ceiling. Women in Management Review, 19(3), 154 – 163.
[17] McMullan, F.C. and Vesgner, K., (2001). Some problems in using subjective measures of effectiveness to evaluate entrepreneurial assistance programs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(1). 37-54. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 129(2014) 82 – 89
[18] Melissa J. & Anderson, Davos: Women and the Leadership Gap, The Glass Hammer, 13 February 2013, New York
[19] Minniti, M. & Bygrave, W. (2004): National Entrepreneurship Assessment, Gem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 1-42.
[20] Mueller, S.L. (2004): Gender Gaps in Potential for Entrepreneurship across Countries and Cultures, Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 199-220.
[21] Parikh, B. K. (2005, August). Reflection of Indian Women in Entrepreneurial World, Ahmedabad, India
[22] Pieters, J. (2012). Growth and Inequality in India: Analysis of an
extended Social Accounting Matrix. World Develop.38(3):270–81.

Received : 19 December 2019
Accepted : 02 July 2020
Published : 26 July 2020
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v7.i3.2020.73013

21st-C-Women-Entrepreneurs-in-India.pdf

Reflection of Ex -Tea Tribe Community of Assam and its Marginalization: A Socio-Cultural Transformation: Case Study of Biswanath Chariali District of Assam

Author

Dr. Banasmita Nath

Keywords

Self-esteem; Resilience; College Students

Abstract

This study investigate the influence of resilience and self-esteem among undergraduate college students (N=110) in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu. An exploratory design is used among undergraduate students using purposive random sampling technique. In this case, two questionnaires are administered, Self-esteem is assessed by using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and English version of Resilience Scale – RS-14 is also used in this study (Wagnild, 2010). Correlational and regression analysis shows statistically significant relationships between resilience and self-esteem (r=0.24**, P<0.01). Self-esteem can be considered a predictor of resilience, which suggests resilience based intervention, should be provided for the students to improve their self-esteem.

References

[1] Bhattacharjee , T. (1994) “Land alienation among the tribes in north Cachar district of Assam,” in Tribes of north-east India: Biological and cultural perspectives. Edited by S.Sengupta. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.
[2] Biswas, J., Coppard, D., Rafique, A., Rana, K. and Sengupta, A. (2001) Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migrants Rights:Lessons from West Bengal. Economic and Political Weekly, 8 December,pp. 4547-4559.
[3] Blalock, Herbert. (1967) Towards Theory of Minority Group Relations, New York Willey
[4] Bogarhus, E.S. (1928) Immigration and Race Attitudes. Boston D.C. Heath
[5] Borrie, W.D.(1959) The Cultural Integration of Immigrants. Paris: UNESCO
[6] Bose, Ashish. (1973) Studies in India’s Urbanization 1901-1971. Bombay Tata McGraw Hill
[7] Bose,N.K (1968). “Calcutta:1964, A Social Survey”, Lalvani Publishing House, Bombay.
[8] Boserup, E. (1970) Women’s Role in Economic Development, London: Allen and Unwin

Received : 15 January 2020
Accepted : 24 June 2020
Published : 26 July 2020
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v7.i3.2020.73012

Ex-Tea-Tribe-Community-of-Assam-and-its-Marginalization-A-Socio-Cultural-Transformation.pdf

Implementing Gagne’s Events of Instruction in MBA Classroom: Reflections and Reporting

Author

Dr. Suruchi Pandey

Keywords

MBA Classes; Gagne’s Events of Instruction; Session Plan; Learning; Instruction Design

Abstract

Action Research and Reflection is what defines an attribute of a professional. Class room action research is a good way of improving teaching strategies. There is no cook book approach to what will work in one subject and in another class. A teacher has to come up with his or her own style of teaching. The present study was taken the researcher who is also reporter in this case to improve on classroom experience of MBA students in HRM class. The need was identified as a reflection process and action research was conducted. The experiences of faculty are reported in the form of this paper.
Corporates are looking for trained managers and MBA degree is in demand. Students’ class room experience has to impart them holistic knowledge with hands on skill. Every minute spend in class and every interaction must bring value to students. This Interaction can be with faculty or interaction among students. Faculty has to plan and conduct session smoothly. Popularly used Gagne’s events of Instruction were helpful in redesigning session plan and conducting sessions. The experience was interesting and exciting. The classroom experience and learning of students was also positively improved. This paper presents brief about Gagne’s Events of Instruction and is implementation in MBA HR classes. The test data of 60 students is presented for the learning. MCQ based quiz was implemented pre and post test to measure the learning.

References

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[2] Bednar, A.K, Cunningham, D. Duffy, T. M & Perry, J. D, (1991). Theory into Practice: How do we Link? In G. Anglin (Ed.), Instructional Technology: Past, Present and Future, 88-101, Retrieved from Englewood, Co: Libraries Unlimited.
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[4] Catanese, A.P. (2008). Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction. Conditions of Learning Theory 1-3. Northern Illinois University, Faculty Development and Instructional Design Center The University of West Florida. http://www.niu.edu/facdev/_pdf/guide/learning/gagnes_nine_events_instruction.pdf
[5] Gunter, G. A, Kenny, R.F, Vick, E.H. A Case for A Formal design paradigm for serious Games. Retrieved from Formal Design Paradigm-2.
[6] Khadjooi, K, Rostami, K &Ishaq, S, (2011). How to use Gagne’s Model of Instructional design in teaching psychomotor skills: Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 4(3) database: https://www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/Pmc4017416/
[7] Kevin, K, (2008). Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction: An Introduction, Database: http://www.E‐Learningguru. Com/Articles/ Art3_3.htm
[8] Leow, F T & Neo, M (2014). Interactive Multimedia Learning: Innovating Classroom Education in a Malaysian University: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology Tojet, 13(2), 99-110
[9] Lisak, M, (2011). Educational Technology & Pedagogy: Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction, database: http://Koreamaria. Typepad.Com/Gwangju/2011/08/Gagnes-Nine-Events-Of-Instruction.html
[10] Mettetal, G (2012). The What, Why and How of Classroom Action Research. Journal of The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 2(1), 6 – 18
[11] Miner, A. Mallow,J.Theeke,&L.Barnes,(2015). Using Gagne’s 9 Events ofInstruction to Enhance Student Performance and Course Evaluations in Undergraduate Nursing Course,Nurse Educ. 40(3): 152–154, Doi: 10.1097/Nne.0000000000000138
[12] Manninen. E. Use This Tool to Structure and Deliver Training Effectively Gagne’s Nine Levels of Learning Training Your Team Effectively, Retrieved from Article Mind Tools.com
[13] Martin. F & Klein. J, (2008). Effects of Objectives, Practice, and Review in Multimedia Instruction .Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 17(2), 171-189 .
[14] Ng & J.Y, (2014). Combining Peyton’s Four-Step Approach and Gagne’s Instructional Model in Teaching Slit-Lamp Examination : Perspect Med Educ, 3(6): 480–485,Doi:10.1007/S40037-014-0136-X.
[15] Pickard. M, (2007). The New Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview for Family and Consumer Sciences. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education, 25(1), 45- 55.
[16] Preparing and Structuring Lecture Notes, Database http://Cet.Usc.Edu/Resources/Teaching_Learning/Docs/Teaching_Nuggets_ Docs/3.1_Preparing_And_Structuring_Lecture_Notes.Pdf accessed on June 2016.
[17] Toward Meeting the Needs of all Learners: An Action Research Report Prof 191V, (2000), Queen’s University, Anonymous Teacher
[18] Tsai, C.J. (2008). Application of the Events of Instruction in the Gagné-Briggs ISD Model: A Design Example in Language Instruction. Available: http://www.academia.edu/4381265 /Application_of_the_Events_of_Instruction_in_the_Gagn%C3%A9-Briggs_ISD_Model_A_Design_Example_in_Language_Instruction
[19] Yasmeen, G,(2008). Action Research: An Approach for the Teachers in Higher Education. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – Tojet, 7 (4) Issn: 1303-6521 ,46 – 53.
[20] Wildman, T. M. (1981). Cognitive Theory and the Design of Instruction. Retrieved from Educational Technology, 21, 14-20..
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Received : 13 December 2019
Accepted : 20 June 2020
Published : 26 July2020
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v7.i3.2020.73011

Gagne’s-Events-of-Instruction-in-MBA-Classroom.pdf

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