Determinants of Employee Job Satisfaction: An Analysis of Structural Equation Model

Muhammad Alkirom Wildan

Charismatic Leadership; Work-Life Balance; Job Satisfaction; Organizational Commitment; Industry.

Imbalances in an employee’s working life have become a major problem due to the many issues related to employee well-being, productivity levels and boredom at work. Work-Life balance has now become a vulnerable topic because it offers real benefits to the organization and its success, so the goal to be achieved in this study is to provide an explanation of the influence of charismatic leadership and Work-Life balance against organizational commitment through employee job satisfaction in the broadcasting industry. The study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed in November-December 2019 where respondents used as many as 190 employees in the broadcasting industry in Jawa Timur. The data was analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of this study show that a good charismatic leadership will increase employee job satisfaction, a good Work-Life balance will increase employee job satisfaction, and good job satisfaction will increase commitment. Organizational employees, good charismatic leadership will increase employee organizational commitment and good Work-Life balance does not increase employee organizational commitment directly.

[1] Aban, C. A. I., & Perez, V. E. B. (2019). The Relationship of Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Perceived Organizational Support of Telecommuters in The National Capital Region, 8(4), 162–198.
[2] Adekola, B. (2012). The Impact of Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction: A Study of Employees at Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Human Resource Studies,2(2),1.
[3] Al Jenaibi, B. (2010). Job satisfaction: comparisons among diverse public organizations in the UAE. Management Science and Engineering, Vol. 4 No. 3, Pp. 60-79.
[4] Alianto, A., & Rina Anindita. (2018). Effect of Compensation and Work Life Balance on Job Satisfaction Mediated Work Stress. Esa Superior University.
[5] Amalia, L. (2019). Work Motivation Model and Organizational Commitment As a Consequence of the Involvement of Non-Pts Lecturer Employees in DKI Jakarta. Esa Superior University.
[6] Antoncic, J. A., & Antoncic, B. (2011). Employee satisfaction, entrepreneurship and firm growth: A model. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 111(4), 589–607.
[7] Ashima, J. (2015). A Study on Work Life Balance of Working Married Women Employed in Software Industry with Reference to Indore City. Advances In Management, 8(12), 12–16.
[8] Azeem, S. M. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the Sultanate of Oman. Psychology, 1(04), 295.
[9] Aziri, B. (2011). Job Satisfaction: A Literature Review. Management Research and Practice, 3(4), 77-86.
[10] Banks, G.C., Engemann, K.N., Williams, C.E., Gooty, J., mccauley, K.D. and Medaugh, M. R. (2017). “A meta-analytic review and future research agenda of charismatic leadership.” The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 28 No. 4, Pp. 508-529.
[11] Barling, J., Weber, T., & Kelloway, K. (1996). Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 827–832.
[12] Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H.M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 279–307.
[13] Cichy, R. F., Cha. J., & K. S. (2009).The relationship between organizational commitment and contextual performance among private club leaders. International Journal of Hospitalist Management, 28(1), 53–62.
[14] Connelly, S., Gaddis, B., & Helton- Fauth, W. (2002). A closer look at the role of emotions in charismatic and transformational leadership. In F. Yammarino & B. J. Avolio (Eds.). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership, 2: The Road Ahead. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
[15] Dee, J. R., Henkin, A. B., & Singleton, C. A. (2006). Organizational commitment of teachers in urban schools: Examining the effects of team structures. Urban Education, 41(6), 603–627.
[16] Dizaho, E. K., Salleh, R., & Abdullah, (2017). Achieving work life balance through flexible work schedules and arrangements. Global Business and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 455–466.
[17] Doll, W. J., Xia, W., and Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the End-User Computing Satisfaction Instrument. MIS Quarterly, 18(4), 357-369.
[18] Dundas, K. (2008). Work-Life Balance: There is no ‘one-size- fits-all’ solution. K O’Rourke (Ed.), Managing Matters. Graduate College of Management, Southern Cross University, New South Wales, Vol. Summer (3), Pp. 7-8.
[19] Elfitra Azliyanti. (2017). Perception of Transformational Leadership as a Moderation of the Influence between Work-Life Balance on Employee Organizational Commitment. Economic Tower, ISSN: 2407-8565; E-ISSN: 2579-5295 Volume III No. 6.
[20] Elprida Sidabutar, Tantri Yanuar Rahmat Shah, R. A. (2020). The Impact of Compensation, Motivation, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic.
[21] Erdogan, E., Basar, D., & Zehir, C. (2011). The Relationship Among Charismatic Leadership, Ethical Climate, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Companies. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 2(5), 49–49.
[22] Erez, A., Misangyi, V. F., Johnson, D. E., lepine, M. A., & Halverson, K. C. (2008). Stirring the Hearts of Followers: Charismatic Leadership as the Transferal of Affect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 602–616.
[23] Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith,C. S. (2009). Beyond work and family: A measure of work/ nonwork interference and enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 441–456.
[24] Greenhaus, JH, Collins, KM and Shaw, J. (2003). “The relation between work-family balance and quality of life.” Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 63, Pp. 510-31.
[25] Gulbahar, Amjad, A., Kundi, G., Qureshi, Q., & Akhtar, R. (2014). Relationship between Work-Life Balance & Organizational Commitment. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(5), 1–7.
[26] Gunlu, E., Aksarayli, M., & Sahin Perçin, N. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of hotel managers in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(5), 693–717.
[27] Hair, Anderson, Tatham, &B. (2008). Multivariate. Data Analysis Fifth Edition. USA: Prentice Hall International Inc.
[28] Hair, Anderson, Tatham, &B. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis, Fifth Edition. USA: Prentice Hall International Inc.
[29] Hudson. (2005). “The Case for Work Life Balance: Closing the Gap between Policy and Practice.” 8:20 p.m. Hudson Global Resources.
[30] Hur, W.-M., Han, S.-J., Yoo, J.-J. And Moon, T. W. (2015). “The moderating role of perceived organizational support on the relationship between emotional labor and job-related outcomes.” Management Decision, Vol. 53 No. 3, Pp. 605-624.
[31] Intan Nirmalasari. (2018). Analysis of the Effect of Work Life Balance on Organizational Commitment through Job Satisfaction of Nurses as Mediators. University of March 1.
[32] Joshi Sethi, U. (2014). Influence of Work Life Balance on Organisational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Women Employees Working in Public and Private Sector Banks. European Journal of Business and management online), 6(34), 2222–2839.
[33] Judge, T. A., Woolf, E. F., Hurst, C., & Livingston, B. (2005). Charismaticand transformational leadership: A review and agenda for future research. ZeitschriftFu ̈r Arbeits-Und Organizations psychologie, 50, 203–214.
[34] Kianto, A., Vanhala, M., Heilmann, P. (2016). The Impact of Knowledge Management on Job Satisfaction. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(4), 621-636.
[35] Kwon, I. W. G., & Banks, D. W. (2004). Factors related to the organizational and professional commitment of internal auditors. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(5), 606-622.
[36] Louise P Parkes, Peter H Langford. (2008). Work – life balance or work – life alignment, Journal of Management, Organization, 14(3), 267–284.
[37] Lowe, G. S. (2005). Control Over Time and Work-Life Balance: An Empirical Analysis.
[38] Lund, D.B. (2003). Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 18(3), 219–236.
[39] Malhotra, N. K. (2010). Marketing Reseach: An Applied Orientation. Sixth Edition. Pearson Education.
[40] Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toword a general model. Human Resuorce Management Review, 11(3), 299–326.
[41] Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. (1993a). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three- component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538–551.
[42] Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. (1993b). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three- component conceptualization. Journal ofa Pplied Psychology, 78, 533-551.
[43] Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch,L.,& Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52.
[44] Moreno-Jiménez, B. Et al. (2009). Effects of work–family conflict on employees’ well-being: The moderating role of recovery strategies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 4, Pp. 427–440. Doi:10.1037/A0016739.
[45] Nikpour, A. (2018). Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Innovation: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7(2), 106–119.
[46] Pandey, C., & Khare, R. (2013). The Impact of Work Life Balance Practices on Employee Performance of. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing.
[47] Petrescu, A. I., Simmons, R. (2008). Human Resource Management Practices and Workers’ Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, 29(7), 651-667.
[48] Pradhan, R. K., Jena, L. K., & Kumari, I. G. (2016). Effect of Work–Life Balance on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour:Roleof Organizational Commitment. Global Business Review, 17(June), 15S-29S.
[49] Rasheed Olawale, A. V, M. FAPOHUNDA, T., & Foluso Ilesnmi, J. V. (2017). Work-life Balance and Organisational Commitment: Perceptions of Working Postgraduate Students. BVIMSR Journal of Management Research, 9(2), 178–188.
[50] Rojuaniah. (2019). The Impact of Work Life Balance, Role Conflict and Work Stress on Job Satisfaction in Women Doubles. Call for
Papers FMI Samarinda.
[51] Rojuaniah. (2019). Job Satisfaction as a Driver of Organizational Commitment Citizenship Behavior. Esa Superior University.
[52] Rowden, R. W. (2000). The relationship between charismatic leadership behaviors and organizational commitment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 21(1), 30–35.
[53] Sakthivel, D., & Jayakrishnan, J. (2012). Work life balance and Organizational commitment for Nurses. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(5), 2047–2528.
[54] Sharma, N. And Singh, V. K. (2016). “Effects of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and turnover intentions in India.” South Asian Journal of Business Research, Vol. 5 No. 2, Pp. 234-249.
[55] Shastri, R. K., Shashi Mishra, K., & Sinha, A. (2010). 18 SSB, Selection Centre East, Carriappa Road. African Journal of Business Management, 4(10), 211001. Silva, R. C. Da, Dutra, J. S.,Veloso, E. F. R., Fischer, A. L., & Trevisan, L. N. (2015). Generational perceptions and their influences on organizational commitment. Management Research, 13(1), 5–30.
[56] Sosik, J. A. (2005). The role of personal values in the charismatic leadership of corporate managers: A model and preliminary field study. Leadership Quarterly, 16(2), 221–244.
[57] Stefanovska–Petkovska,M., Petrovska, I., Bojadziev, M., Schaeffer, I., & Tomovska- Misoska, A. (2019). The Effects of Organizational Culture and Dimensions on Job Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 15(1), 99–112.
[58] Subramaniam. G, Ali. E, Overton. A. (2010). Are Malaysian women interested in flexible working arrangement at workplace? Business Studies Journal, Volume 2, Special Issue.
[59] Suma, S., & Lesha, J. (2013). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: the Case of Shkodra Municipality. European Scientific Journal, 9(17), 41–51.
[60] V.varatharaj, & S.Vasantha. (2016). An exploratory study on the development of women entrepreneurs: Indian cases. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 232-247.
[61] Vlachos, P. A., Panagopoulos, N. G., & Rapp, A. A. (2013). Feeling Good by Doing Good: EmployeeCSR-Induced Attributions, Job Satisfaction, and the Role of Charismatic Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(3), 577–588.
[62] Wang, D., Hom, P. W., Allen, D. G. (2017). Coping with Newcomer “Hangover”: How Socialization Tactics Affect Declining Job Satisfaction during Early Employment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 196-210.
[63] Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, 22, 120.
[64] Wilderom, C. P.M., van den Berg, P. T., & Wiersma, U. A. (2012). A longitudinal study of the effects of charismatic leadership and organizational culture on objective and perceived corporate performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), 835–848.
[65] Yucel, I., & Bektas, C. (2012). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Demographic Characteristics Among Teachers in Turkey: Younger is Better? Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46(December), 1598–1608.
[66] Zhang, C. P., Liu, W. X., & Liao, J. Q. (2011). The affecting mechanism of charismatic leadership on employee’s creativity: it is enough to be with psychological safety? Management World (Monthly), 10, 94-107.