Immunization Coverage and Vaccine Effectiveness in Public Health Programs Determinants, Digital Interventions and Implications for Population Health

Dr. Bhawna Kohli, Pradeep Kumar, Prashant Saraswat

Immunization Coverage; Vaccine Effectiveness; Childhood Vaccination; Public Health Immunization Programs; Vaccine Uptake; Digital Health Interventions.

Immunisation programmes represent one of the most effective interventions in global public health with regard to preventing infectious diseases and mitigating child mortality. Despite significant progress in global vaccination campaigns, disparities in immunisation rates continue due to socioeconomic disparities, healthcare access barriers, and vaccine hesitancy. This cross-sectional analytical study evaluates immunisation coverage and vaccine effectiveness among children using data collected on 268 children between 0–15 years of age visiting primary healthcare centres and immunisation clinics. Data on vaccination status, parental knowledge, healthcare access, and digital health interventions were collected through structured surveys and clinical immunisation history. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression determined variables contributing to vaccine uptake and efficacy. Findings indicate that good immunisation coverage is strongly linked with increased healthcare access (F=5.12, p=0.006), parental education (F=6.28, p=0.002), and systematic digital reminder systems (F=6.85, p=0.001). Digital health-based interventions including text-message reminders and electronic immunisation registries significantly increased vaccination compliance. Low parental education (β=0.42, p=0.002) and absence of reminder systems (β=0.39, p=0.003) were the strongest predictors of incomplete immunisation. Coverage gaps persist among groups with restricted healthcare access and lower socioeconomic status. The study highlights the paramount role of community-based health education, digital monitoring tools, and stronger immunisation infrastructure in increasing vaccine coverage and population health outcomes.

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