Author
Dr. Deepak Kumar, Anita Rani, Vishal Kumar
Keywords
Histopathology; Digital Pathology; Computational Pathology; Artificial Intelligence In Pathology; Disease Diagnosis; Biomarker Analysis.
Abstract
Histopathology has long served as a cornerstone of disease diagnosis by enabling microscopic examination of tissues to identify structural and cellular abnormalities associated with various pathological conditions. In recent years, rapid technological developments in digital pathology, image analysis, artificial intelligence, and biomarker discovery have significantly enhanced the capabilities of histopathological diagnosis. This cross-sectional analytical study examines recent advancements in histopathological diagnostic techniques using 246 histopathological case samples collected from hospital pathology laboratories and diagnostic centers. Digital pathology platforms, artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis, and biomarker-based diagnostic markers significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and reduce diagnostic variability. AI-assisted histopathological analysis demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy (94.6%, F=6.45, p=0.001). The study highlights the growing importance of integrating computational tools and advanced molecular diagnostics within histopathological practice.
References
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[46] Vettriselvan, R., & Rajan FSA, A. J. (2019). Occupational Health Issues Faced by Women in Spinners. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1).
[47] Vettriselvan, R., Deepan, A., Jaiswani, G., Balakrishnan, A., & Sakthivel, R. (2025). Health Consequences of Early Marriage: Examining Morbidity and Long-Term Wellbeing. In Social, Political, and Health Implications of Early Marriage (pp. 189-212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[48] Vettriselvan, R., Ramya, R., Selvalakshmi, V., Jyothi, P., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2026). Empowering Patients through Knowledge: Educational Strategies in Rehabilitation. In Holistic Approaches to Health Recovery (pp. 263-290). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
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[2] Fletcher, C. D. (2007). Diagnostic histopathology of tumors (3rd ed.). Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
[3] Gupta, R., Naran, S., & Sandhu, G. K. (2009). Histopathological findings in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Journal of Pathology, 218(3), 270–277.
[4] Gurcan, M. N., Boucheron, L. E., Can, A., Madabhushi, A., Rajpoot, N. M., & Yener, B. (2009). Histopathological image analysis: A review. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2, 147–171.
[5] Mezei, T., Szasz, C., Molnar, E., Moldovan, C., & Gurzu, S. (2024). Advances in histopathological diagnosis: impact of image analysis technologies. Applied Sciences, 14(12), 5226.
[6] Moscalu, M., Vladoi, A. D., Crisan, A. L., Moscalu, R., & Grigorescu, B. L. (2023). Digital pathology and artificial intelligence–based diagnostics. Diagnostics, 13(22), 3465.
[7] Rastogi, A. (2018). Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 8(4), 426–432.
[8] Sasano, H., Suzuki, T., Nagura, H., & Shizawa, S. (2006). Advances in immunohistochemistry of endocrine tumors. Endocrine Pathology, 17(4), 327–335.
[9] Tanaka, M., & Sugie, S. (2013). Histopathological examination in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Gastroenterology, 48(5), 567–574.
[10] Underwood, J. C. E. (2017). Introduction to biopsy interpretation and surgical pathology. Springer.
[11] Vargas-Clavijo, R. M., Montoya-Palacio, M. N., Lopez-Medrano, D., Rueda-Plata, J., & Yepes, J. (2025). Machine learning algorithms for histopathological diagnosis of Hansen disease. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19(2), e0012864.
[12] Wu, Z., Luo, G., Lu, J., & Xiao, W. (2022). Deep learning for computational histopathology. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 810500.
[13] Yousif, L., & Ahmed, M. (2024). Novel biomarkers in histopathological diagnosis: a systematic review. Frontiers in Oncology, 14, 1356742.
[14] Arockia, V. J., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Velmurugan, P. R. R., & Cheelo, C. (2025). Leveraging AI and Learning analytics for enhanced distance learning: transformation in education. In AI and learning analytics in distance learning (pp. 179-206). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[15] Dr. A.S. Aneeshkumar (2022), Blemish identification in Co-variance of Disease using Data Mining Techniques, Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), pp. 4354-4362.
[16] Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Developmental initiatives for persons with disabilities: Appraisal on village-based rehabilitation of Amar Seva Sangam. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12), 1257–1261.
[17] Rasi, R. A., & Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Role of community-based programmes for active ageing: Elders self-help group in Kerala. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12).
[18] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Effect of substance abuse on physical health of adolescents. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 3155–3160.
[19] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Physical health hazards of schizophrenia patients. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 1848–1850.
[20] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Analysis on the determinants of health status among tribal communities. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(3), 531–534.
[21] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Health status of primitive tribal women in India. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(5), 772.
[22] Ashifa, K. M. (2022). A situation analysis of the social well-being of elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3), 10156–10163.
[23] Ashifa, K. M., & Ramya, P. (2019). Health afflictions and quality of work life among women working in fireworks industry. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(6S3), 1723–1725.
[24] Basha, R., Pathak, P., Sudha, M., Soumya, K. V., & Arockia Venice, J. (2025). Optimization of quantum dilated convolutional neural networks: Image recognition with quantum computing. Internet Technology Letters, 8(3), e70027.
[25] Catherine, S., Gupta, N., Gopi, E., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Enhancing Patient Engagement and Outcomes Through Digital Transformation: Machine Learning in Medical Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 285-312). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[26] Devi, M., Manokaran, D., Sehgal, R. K., Shariff, S. A., & Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Precision Medicine, Personalized Treatment, and Network-Driven Innovations: Transforming Healthcare With AI. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 303-322). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[27] Elkin, N., Mohammed, A. K., Kilincel, S., Soydan, A. M., Tanriver, S. C., Celik, S., & Ranganathan, M. (2025). Mental health literacy and happiness among university students: A social work perspective to promoting well-being. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1541316.
[28] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Striking a Balance: Mental Health Challenges and Work-Life Integration among Women Faculty in Indian B-Schools. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[29] Kavitha D, Dr. A. S. Aneeshkumar (2026). Advanced AI-Driven Techniques for Prostate Cancer Prediction, Telematique, 25(1), pp. 104-121.
[30] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Strategic Role of Human Resource Management in Enhancing Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Business Schools in India. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[31] Jenifer, R. D., Vettriselvan, R., Saxena, D., Velmurugan, P. R., & Balakrishnan, A. (2025). Green Marketing in Healthcare Advertising: A Global Perspective. In AI Impacts on Branded Entertainment and Advertising (pp. 303-326). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
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[33] Mustafa, N., Zahoor, H., Gamil, R. E., Ashifa, K. M., & Safaei, M. (2026). Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 39(1), 74-103.
[34] Natraj, N. A., Abirami, T., Ananthi, K., Venice, J. A., Chandru, R., & Rathish, C. R. (2024). The Impact of 5G Technology on the Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management Landscape. In Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management (pp. 289-311). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[35] Ranganathan, M., Jacob, A., Ashifa, K. M., Kumar, G. J., Anthony, M., Vijay, M., & Kumari, R. B. (2024). An investigation of the effects of chronic stress on attention in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 37–50.
[36] Shanthi, H. J., Gokulakrishnan, A., Sharma, S., Deepika, R., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Urban Health: Applications, Challenges, and Innovations. In Nexus of AI, Climatology, and Urbanism for Smart Cities (pp. 275-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[37] Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Suresh, N. V., Catherine, S., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2025). Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Patient Engagement and Outcomes: Revolutionizing Healthcare Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 313-340). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[38] Swadhi, R., Velmurugan, P. R., Mahalingam, U., Keerthana, R., & Padmavathy, N. (2026). Embedding Fairness and Resilience: Human-Centered Leadership in AI-Driven Workplaces. In Centering Positive Organizational Cultures Through Human-Centered Leadership (pp. 139-162). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[39] Venice, J. A., Arivazhagan, D., Suman, N., Shanthi, H. J., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Recommendation systems and content personalization: algorithms, applications, and adaptive learning. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 323-348). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[40] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Suresh, N. V., & Abirami, P. (2025). Enabling personalized learning and adaptive systems through strategic management: cloud integration in education. In Bridging Academia and Industry Through Cloud Integration in Education (pp. 49-72). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[41] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Jain, S., Madusudanan, K., & Aarthy, C. C. J. (2025). Performance Evaluation and Metrics in Blockchain Powered AI/ML: Data Analytics for Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT). In Transforming Education With AI-Powered Personalized Learning (pp. 143-178). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[42] A.S. Aneeshkumar, Dr.C. JothiVenkateswaran (2013). An Integrated Approach for Predicting the Contribution of Sovereign Dynamics, Engineering Sciences International Research Journal, 1(1), pp. 24-27.
[43] Venice, A., Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Chandra, P., & Sajana, K. P. (2026). Rehabilitation Robotics and Adaptive Motion Planning for Patient-Centric Care. In Intelligent Motion Control for Human-Centered Systems (pp. 51-76). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[44] Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Harnessing innovation and digital marketing in the era of industry 5.0: resilient healthcare SMEs. In The Future of Small Business in Industry 5.0 (pp. 163-186). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[45] Vettriselvan, R., & Anto, M. R. (2018). Pathetic health status and working condition of Zambian women. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 259-264.
[46] Vettriselvan, R., & Rajan FSA, A. J. (2019). Occupational Health Issues Faced by Women in Spinners. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1).
[47] Vettriselvan, R., Deepan, A., Jaiswani, G., Balakrishnan, A., & Sakthivel, R. (2025). Health Consequences of Early Marriage: Examining Morbidity and Long-Term Wellbeing. In Social, Political, and Health Implications of Early Marriage (pp. 189-212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[48] Vettriselvan, R., Ramya, R., Selvalakshmi, V., Jyothi, P., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2026). Empowering Patients through Knowledge: Educational Strategies in Rehabilitation. In Holistic Approaches to Health Recovery (pp. 263-290). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[49] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Catherin, T. C., & Deepika, R. (2025). Sustainability and Responsibility in the Digital Era: Leveraging Green Marketing in Healthcare. In Digital Citizenship and Building a Responsible Online Presence (pp. 285-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[50] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Velmurugan, P. R., & Hasine, J. (2025). Strategic Collaborations in Medical Innovation and AI-Driven Globalization: Advancing Healthcare Startups. In Navigating Strategic Partnerships for Sustainable Startup Growth (pp. 85-110). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[51] Zahoor, H., Mustafa, N., Ashifa, K. M., Safaei, M., & El Gamil, R. (2025). Unlocking resilience: Emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 38(4), 395–419.
Received : 17 February 2026
Accepted : 29 April 2026
Published : 02 May 2026
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v13.i2.2026.13261