Author
Dr. Prakash Chandra, Neha Kakran, Mohd. Khursheed
Keywords
Mental Health Epidemiology; Depression; Anxiety Disorders; Public Mental Health; Psychological Distress; Mental Health Trends.
Abstract
Common mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, and stress-related conditions, represent a significant and growing public health concern worldwide. These disorders contribute substantially to global disease burden, affecting psychological wellbeing, productivity, and social functioning across diverse populations. This cross-sectional analytical study examines epidemiological trends in common mental health disorders and evaluates the influence of demographic, social, and environmental factors on mental health outcomes among 238 individuals receiving mental health care services. Depressive and anxiety disorders remain the most prevalent mental health conditions, with significant associations observed between mental health outcomes and socioeconomic status, occupational stress, and social support systems. Individuals aged 31–45 years demonstrated the highest average mental health symptom severity scores (F=5.91, p=0.003). The study highlights emerging mental health challenges associated with rapid social change, digital technology exposure, and public health crises. Continued epidemiological research is essential for improving mental health policy and promoting population-level mental wellbeing.
References
[1] Angst, J., et al. (2016). The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: results from the prospective Zurich cohort Study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(1), 24–32.
[2] Baxter, A. J., et al. (2014). Challenging the myth of an “epidemic” of common mental disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 31(6), 506–516.
[3] Collishaw, S. (2015). Annual research review: secular trends in child and adolescent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 370–393.
[4] De Graaf, R., et al. (2012). Prevalence of mental disorders and trends from 1996 to 2009. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(2), 203–213.
[5] Fava, G. A., et al. (2014). Emerging clinical trends and perspectives on comorbid patterns of mental disorders. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23(S1), 92–101.
[6] Gruenberg, E. M. (1957). Epidemiology of mental disorders. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 35(2), 107–126.
[7] Jayasankar, P., et al. (2022). Epidemiology of common mental disorders: results from “National Mental Health Survey” of India, 2016. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(1), 13–19.
[8] Kathol, R., et al. (2006). Epidemiologic trends and costs of fragmentation. Medical Clinics, 90(4), 549–572.
[9] Kessler, R. C. (2012). Overview of descriptive epidemiology of mental disorders. In Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 169–182). Springer Netherlands.
[10] Kessler, R. C., & Wang, P. S. (2008). The descriptive epidemiology of commonly occurring mental disorders in the United States. Annual Review of Public Health, 29(1), 115–129.
[11] Kessler, R. C., et al. (2010). The epidemiology of mental disorders. Mental health services: A public health perspective, 169–200.
[12] Kohn, R. (2018). Epidemiology of common mental disorders. In The Exercise Effect on Mental Health (pp. 3–29). CRC Press.
[13] Merikangas, K. R., Nakamura, E. F., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(1), 7–20.
[14] Aneeshkumar A. S. (2016). Relevance of Data Mining for Presumption of Anarchy, International Journal of Linguistics and computational Applications (IJLCA), 3(4), pp. 72-74.
[15] Sanderson, K., & Andrews, G. (2006). Common mental disorders in the workforce. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(2), 63–75.
[16] Steel, Z., et al. (2014). The global prevalence of common mental disorders. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 476–493.
[17] Storrie, K., Ahern, K., & Tuckett, A. (2010). A systematic review: students with mental health problems — a growing problem. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16(1), 1–6.
[18] A. S Aneeshkumar, C. Jothi Venkateswaran, (2015). Relevance Study of Data Mining for the Identification of Negatively Influenced Factors in Sick Groups, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, 47, pp. 101-108.
[19] Ten Have, M., et al. (2023). Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007–2009 to 2019–2022. World Psychiatry, 22(2), 275–285.
[20] Weissman, M. M., & Klerman, G. L. (1978). Epidemiology of mental disorders: Emerging trends in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35(6), 705–712.
[21] Westermeyer, J. (1989). Psychiatric epidemiology across cultures: Current issues and trends. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 26(1), 5–25.
[22] Wu, Y., et al. (2023). Changing trends in the global burden of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 32, e63.
[23] Arockia, V. J., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Velmurugan, P. R. R., & Cheelo, C. (2025). Leveraging AI and Learning analytics for enhanced distance learning: transformation in education. In AI and learning analytics in distance learning (pp. 179-206). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[24] Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Developmental initiatives for persons with disabilities: Appraisal on village-based rehabilitation of Amar Seva Sangam. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12), 1257–1261.
[25] Rasi, R. A., & Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Role of community-based programmes for active ageing: Elders self-help group in Kerala. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12).
[26] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Effect of substance abuse on physical health of adolescents. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 3155–3160.
[27] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Physical health hazards of schizophrenia patients. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 1848–1850.
[28] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Analysis on the determinants of health status among tribal communities. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(3), 531–534.
[29] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Health status of primitive tribal women in India. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(5), 772.
[30] Ashifa, K. M. (2022). A situation analysis of the social well-being of elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3), 10156–10163.
[31] Ashifa, K. M., & Ramya, P. (2019). Health afflictions and quality of work life among women working in fireworks industry. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(6S3), 1723–1725.
[32] Basha, R., Pathak, P., Sudha, M., Soumya, K. V., & Arockia Venice, J. (2025). Optimization of quantum dilated convolutional neural networks: Image recognition with quantum computing. Internet Technology Letters, 8(3), e70027.
[33] Catherine, S., Gupta, N., Gopi, E., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Enhancing Patient Engagement and Outcomes Through Digital Transformation: Machine Learning in Medical Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 285-312). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[34] Devi, M., Manokaran, D., Sehgal, R. K., Shariff, S. A., & Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Precision Medicine, Personalized Treatment, and Network-Driven Innovations: Transforming Healthcare With AI. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 303-322). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[35] Elkin, N., Mohammed, A. K., Kilincel, S., Soydan, A. M., Tanriver, S. C., Celik, S., & Ranganathan, M. (2025). Mental health literacy and happiness among university students: A social work perspective to promoting well-being. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1541316.
[36] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Striking a Balance: Mental Health Challenges and Work-Life Integration among Women Faculty in Indian B-Schools. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[37] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Strategic Role of Human Resource Management in Enhancing Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Business Schools in India. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[38] Jenifer, R. D., Vettriselvan, R., Saxena, D., Velmurugan, P. R., & Balakrishnan, A. (2025). Green Marketing in Healthcare Advertising: A Global Perspective. In AI Impacts on Branded Entertainment and Advertising (pp. 303-326). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[39] Kariveliparambil, A., Rasi, R. A., Ahmad, M. S., Oztas, N., & Ayan, F. S. (2026). Evolving Social Capital in Indigenous Communities: Perspectives on Trust, Reciprocity, and Cultural Preservation Among Irula Elders. Journal of Social Service Research, 52(1), 147–166.
[40] Mustafa, N., Zahoor, H., Gamil, R. E., Ashifa, K. M., & Safaei, M. (2026). Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 39(1), 74-103.
[41] Natraj, N. A., Abirami, T., Ananthi, K., Venice, J. A., Chandru, R., & Rathish, C. R. (2024). The Impact of 5G Technology on the Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management Landscape. In Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management (pp. 289-311). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[42] Ranganathan, M., Jacob, A., Ashifa, K. M., Kumar, G. J., Anthony, M., Vijay, M., & Kumari, R. B. (2024). An investigation of the effects of chronic stress on attention in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 37–50.
[43] Shanthi, H. J., Gokulakrishnan, A., Sharma, S., Deepika, R., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Urban Health: Applications, Challenges, and Innovations. In Nexus of AI, Climatology, and Urbanism for Smart Cities (pp. 275-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[44] Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Suresh, N. V., Catherine, S., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2025). Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Patient Engagement and Outcomes: Revolutionizing Healthcare Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 313-340). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[45] Swadhi, R., Velmurugan, P. R., Mahalingam, U., Keerthana, R., & Padmavathy, N. (2026). Embedding Fairness and Resilience: Human-Centered Leadership in AI-Driven Workplaces. In Centering Positive Organizational Cultures Through Human-Centered Leadership (pp. 139-162). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[46] Venice, J. A., Arivazhagan, D., Suman, N., Shanthi, H. J., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Recommendation systems and content personalization: algorithms, applications, and adaptive learning. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 323-348). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[47] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Suresh, N. V., & Abirami, P. (2025). Enabling personalized learning and adaptive systems through strategic management: cloud integration in education. In Bridging Academia and Industry Through Cloud Integration in Education (pp. 49-72). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[48] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Jain, S., Madusudanan, K., & Aarthy, C. C. J. (2025). Performance Evaluation and Metrics in Blockchain Powered AI/ML: Data Analytics for Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT). In Transforming Education With AI-Powered Personalized Learning (pp. 143-178). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[49] Venice, A., Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Chandra, P., & Sajana, K. P. (2026). Rehabilitation Robotics and Adaptive Motion Planning for Patient-Centric Care. In Intelligent Motion Control for Human-Centered Systems (pp. 51-76). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[50] Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Harnessing innovation and digital marketing in the era of industry 5.0: resilient healthcare SMEs. In The Future of Small Business in Industry 5.0 (pp. 163-186). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[51] Vettriselvan, R., & Anto, M. R. (2018). Pathetic health status and working condition of Zambian women. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 259-264.
[52] Vettriselvan, R., & Rajan FSA, A. J. (2019). Occupational Health Issues Faced by Women in Spinners. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1).
[53] Vettriselvan, R., Deepan, A., Jaiswani, G., Balakrishnan, A., & Sakthivel, R. (2025). Health Consequences of Early Marriage: Examining Morbidity and Long-Term Wellbeing. In Social, Political, and Health Implications of Early Marriage (pp. 189-212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[54] Vettriselvan, R., Ramya, R., Selvalakshmi, V., Jyothi, P., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2026). Empowering Patients through Knowledge: Educational Strategies in Rehabilitation. In Holistic Approaches to Health Recovery (pp. 263-290). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[55] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Catherin, T. C., & Deepika, R. (2025). Sustainability and Responsibility in the Digital Era: Leveraging Green Marketing in Healthcare. In Digital Citizenship and Building a Responsible Online Presence (pp. 285-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[56] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Velmurugan, P. R., & Hasine, J. (2025). Strategic Collaborations in Medical Innovation and AI-Driven Globalization: Advancing Healthcare Startups. In Navigating Strategic Partnerships for Sustainable Startup Growth (pp. 85-110). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[57] Zahoor, H., Mustafa, N., Ashifa, K. M., Safaei, M., & El Gamil, R. (2025). Unlocking resilience: Emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 38(4), 395–419.
[2] Baxter, A. J., et al. (2014). Challenging the myth of an “epidemic” of common mental disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 31(6), 506–516.
[3] Collishaw, S. (2015). Annual research review: secular trends in child and adolescent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 370–393.
[4] De Graaf, R., et al. (2012). Prevalence of mental disorders and trends from 1996 to 2009. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(2), 203–213.
[5] Fava, G. A., et al. (2014). Emerging clinical trends and perspectives on comorbid patterns of mental disorders. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23(S1), 92–101.
[6] Gruenberg, E. M. (1957). Epidemiology of mental disorders. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 35(2), 107–126.
[7] Jayasankar, P., et al. (2022). Epidemiology of common mental disorders: results from “National Mental Health Survey” of India, 2016. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(1), 13–19.
[8] Kathol, R., et al. (2006). Epidemiologic trends and costs of fragmentation. Medical Clinics, 90(4), 549–572.
[9] Kessler, R. C. (2012). Overview of descriptive epidemiology of mental disorders. In Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 169–182). Springer Netherlands.
[10] Kessler, R. C., & Wang, P. S. (2008). The descriptive epidemiology of commonly occurring mental disorders in the United States. Annual Review of Public Health, 29(1), 115–129.
[11] Kessler, R. C., et al. (2010). The epidemiology of mental disorders. Mental health services: A public health perspective, 169–200.
[12] Kohn, R. (2018). Epidemiology of common mental disorders. In The Exercise Effect on Mental Health (pp. 3–29). CRC Press.
[13] Merikangas, K. R., Nakamura, E. F., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(1), 7–20.
[14] Aneeshkumar A. S. (2016). Relevance of Data Mining for Presumption of Anarchy, International Journal of Linguistics and computational Applications (IJLCA), 3(4), pp. 72-74.
[15] Sanderson, K., & Andrews, G. (2006). Common mental disorders in the workforce. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(2), 63–75.
[16] Steel, Z., et al. (2014). The global prevalence of common mental disorders. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 476–493.
[17] Storrie, K., Ahern, K., & Tuckett, A. (2010). A systematic review: students with mental health problems — a growing problem. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16(1), 1–6.
[18] A. S Aneeshkumar, C. Jothi Venkateswaran, (2015). Relevance Study of Data Mining for the Identification of Negatively Influenced Factors in Sick Groups, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, 47, pp. 101-108.
[19] Ten Have, M., et al. (2023). Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007–2009 to 2019–2022. World Psychiatry, 22(2), 275–285.
[20] Weissman, M. M., & Klerman, G. L. (1978). Epidemiology of mental disorders: Emerging trends in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35(6), 705–712.
[21] Westermeyer, J. (1989). Psychiatric epidemiology across cultures: Current issues and trends. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 26(1), 5–25.
[22] Wu, Y., et al. (2023). Changing trends in the global burden of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 32, e63.
[23] Arockia, V. J., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Velmurugan, P. R. R., & Cheelo, C. (2025). Leveraging AI and Learning analytics for enhanced distance learning: transformation in education. In AI and learning analytics in distance learning (pp. 179-206). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[24] Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Developmental initiatives for persons with disabilities: Appraisal on village-based rehabilitation of Amar Seva Sangam. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12), 1257–1261.
[25] Rasi, R. A., & Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Role of community-based programmes for active ageing: Elders self-help group in Kerala. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12).
[26] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Effect of substance abuse on physical health of adolescents. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 3155–3160.
[27] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Physical health hazards of schizophrenia patients. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 1848–1850.
[28] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Analysis on the determinants of health status among tribal communities. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(3), 531–534.
[29] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Health status of primitive tribal women in India. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(5), 772.
[30] Ashifa, K. M. (2022). A situation analysis of the social well-being of elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3), 10156–10163.
[31] Ashifa, K. M., & Ramya, P. (2019). Health afflictions and quality of work life among women working in fireworks industry. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(6S3), 1723–1725.
[32] Basha, R., Pathak, P., Sudha, M., Soumya, K. V., & Arockia Venice, J. (2025). Optimization of quantum dilated convolutional neural networks: Image recognition with quantum computing. Internet Technology Letters, 8(3), e70027.
[33] Catherine, S., Gupta, N., Gopi, E., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Enhancing Patient Engagement and Outcomes Through Digital Transformation: Machine Learning in Medical Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 285-312). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[34] Devi, M., Manokaran, D., Sehgal, R. K., Shariff, S. A., & Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Precision Medicine, Personalized Treatment, and Network-Driven Innovations: Transforming Healthcare With AI. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 303-322). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[35] Elkin, N., Mohammed, A. K., Kilincel, S., Soydan, A. M., Tanriver, S. C., Celik, S., & Ranganathan, M. (2025). Mental health literacy and happiness among university students: A social work perspective to promoting well-being. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1541316.
[36] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Striking a Balance: Mental Health Challenges and Work-Life Integration among Women Faculty in Indian B-Schools. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[37] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Strategic Role of Human Resource Management in Enhancing Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Business Schools in India. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[38] Jenifer, R. D., Vettriselvan, R., Saxena, D., Velmurugan, P. R., & Balakrishnan, A. (2025). Green Marketing in Healthcare Advertising: A Global Perspective. In AI Impacts on Branded Entertainment and Advertising (pp. 303-326). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[39] Kariveliparambil, A., Rasi, R. A., Ahmad, M. S., Oztas, N., & Ayan, F. S. (2026). Evolving Social Capital in Indigenous Communities: Perspectives on Trust, Reciprocity, and Cultural Preservation Among Irula Elders. Journal of Social Service Research, 52(1), 147–166.
[40] Mustafa, N., Zahoor, H., Gamil, R. E., Ashifa, K. M., & Safaei, M. (2026). Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 39(1), 74-103.
[41] Natraj, N. A., Abirami, T., Ananthi, K., Venice, J. A., Chandru, R., & Rathish, C. R. (2024). The Impact of 5G Technology on the Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management Landscape. In Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management (pp. 289-311). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[42] Ranganathan, M., Jacob, A., Ashifa, K. M., Kumar, G. J., Anthony, M., Vijay, M., & Kumari, R. B. (2024). An investigation of the effects of chronic stress on attention in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 37–50.
[43] Shanthi, H. J., Gokulakrishnan, A., Sharma, S., Deepika, R., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Urban Health: Applications, Challenges, and Innovations. In Nexus of AI, Climatology, and Urbanism for Smart Cities (pp. 275-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[44] Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Suresh, N. V., Catherine, S., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2025). Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Patient Engagement and Outcomes: Revolutionizing Healthcare Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 313-340). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[45] Swadhi, R., Velmurugan, P. R., Mahalingam, U., Keerthana, R., & Padmavathy, N. (2026). Embedding Fairness and Resilience: Human-Centered Leadership in AI-Driven Workplaces. In Centering Positive Organizational Cultures Through Human-Centered Leadership (pp. 139-162). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[46] Venice, J. A., Arivazhagan, D., Suman, N., Shanthi, H. J., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Recommendation systems and content personalization: algorithms, applications, and adaptive learning. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 323-348). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[47] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Suresh, N. V., & Abirami, P. (2025). Enabling personalized learning and adaptive systems through strategic management: cloud integration in education. In Bridging Academia and Industry Through Cloud Integration in Education (pp. 49-72). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[48] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Jain, S., Madusudanan, K., & Aarthy, C. C. J. (2025). Performance Evaluation and Metrics in Blockchain Powered AI/ML: Data Analytics for Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT). In Transforming Education With AI-Powered Personalized Learning (pp. 143-178). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[49] Venice, A., Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Chandra, P., & Sajana, K. P. (2026). Rehabilitation Robotics and Adaptive Motion Planning for Patient-Centric Care. In Intelligent Motion Control for Human-Centered Systems (pp. 51-76). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[50] Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Harnessing innovation and digital marketing in the era of industry 5.0: resilient healthcare SMEs. In The Future of Small Business in Industry 5.0 (pp. 163-186). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[51] Vettriselvan, R., & Anto, M. R. (2018). Pathetic health status and working condition of Zambian women. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 259-264.
[52] Vettriselvan, R., & Rajan FSA, A. J. (2019). Occupational Health Issues Faced by Women in Spinners. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1).
[53] Vettriselvan, R., Deepan, A., Jaiswani, G., Balakrishnan, A., & Sakthivel, R. (2025). Health Consequences of Early Marriage: Examining Morbidity and Long-Term Wellbeing. In Social, Political, and Health Implications of Early Marriage (pp. 189-212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[54] Vettriselvan, R., Ramya, R., Selvalakshmi, V., Jyothi, P., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2026). Empowering Patients through Knowledge: Educational Strategies in Rehabilitation. In Holistic Approaches to Health Recovery (pp. 263-290). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[55] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Catherin, T. C., & Deepika, R. (2025). Sustainability and Responsibility in the Digital Era: Leveraging Green Marketing in Healthcare. In Digital Citizenship and Building a Responsible Online Presence (pp. 285-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[56] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Velmurugan, P. R., & Hasine, J. (2025). Strategic Collaborations in Medical Innovation and AI-Driven Globalization: Advancing Healthcare Startups. In Navigating Strategic Partnerships for Sustainable Startup Growth (pp. 85-110). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[57] Zahoor, H., Mustafa, N., Ashifa, K. M., Safaei, M., & El Gamil, R. (2025). Unlocking resilience: Emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 38(4), 395–419.
Received : 26 February 2026
Accepted : 30 April 2026
Published : 02 May 2026
DOI: 10.30726/esij/v13.i2.2026.1320023