Author
Dr. Paridhi Ahuja, Pradeep Kumar, Vishal Kumar
Keywords
Allergic Rhinitis; Upper Airway Allergy; United Airway Disease; Allergen Immunotherapy; Respiratory Allergy; Airway Inflammation.
Abstract
Upper airway allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, allergic sinusitis, and related inflammatory conditions, represent a major global health concern affecting both paediatric and adult populations. These disorders are characterised by immune-mediated inflammatory responses within the nasal mucosa and upper respiratory tract following exposure to environmental allergens. Upper airway allergic diseases frequently coexist with lower airway disorders such as asthma, supporting the concept of the “united airway disease” model. This cross-sectional analytical study evaluates the clinical management strategies used in the diagnosis and treatment of upper airway allergic disorders among 214 patients. Integrated treatment strategies combining pharmacotherapy, allergen immunotherapy, and environmental control measures provide the most effective management outcomes. Patients receiving combined therapy demonstrated the highest symptom improvement scores (F=6.15, p=0.002). Allergic rhinitis was the most common disorder (52.3%). The study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among allergists, otolaryngologists, and respiratory specialists in managing complex airway diseases.
References
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[3] Christodoulopoulos, P., et al. (2000). Molecular pathology of allergic disease: II: upper airway disease. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 105(2), 211–223.
[4] Compalati, E., et al. (2010). The link between allergic rhinitis and asthma: the united airways disease. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 6(3), 413–423.
[5] Gevaert, P., et al. (2022). The role of IgE in upper and lower airway disease. Clinical Rev. in Allergy & Immunology, 62(1), 200–215.
[6] Giavina-Bianchi, P., et al. (2016). United airway disease: current perspectives. Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 93–100.
[7] Licari, A., et al. (2017). The role of upper airway pathology as a co-morbidity in severe asthma. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 11(11), 855–865.
[8] Nelson, H. S. (2004). Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 113(4), 635–642.
[9] Nelson, H. S. (2005). Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 115(4), 676–684.
[10] Nelson, H. S. (2006). Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 117(5), 1047–1053.
[11] Nelson, H. S. (2007). Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 119(4), 872–880.
[12] Pratter, M. R. (2006). Chronic upper airway cough syndrome secondary to rhinosinus diseases. Chest, 129(1), 63S–71S.
[13] Varricchio, A., et al. (2020). Inflammation, infection, and allergy of upper airways. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 46(1), 18.
[14] Vlastos, I., et al. (2021). Multidisciplinary care for severe or uncontrolled chronic upper airway diseases. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 21(4), 27.
[15] Yii, A. C. A., et al. (2018). Precision medicine in united airways disease: a “treatable traits” approach. Allergy, 73(10), 1964–1978.
[16] Arockia, V. J., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Velmurugan, P. R. R., & Cheelo, C. (2025). Leveraging AI and Learning analytics for enhanced distance learning: transformation in education. In AI and learning analytics in distance learning (pp. 179-206). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[17] Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Developmental initiatives for persons with disabilities: Appraisal on village-based rehabilitation of Amar Seva Sangam. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12), 1257–1261.
[18] Rasi, R. A., & Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Role of community-based programmes for active ageing: Elders self-help group in Kerala. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12).
[19] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Effect of substance abuse on physical health of adolescents. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 3155–3160.
[20] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Physical health hazards of schizophrenia patients. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 1848–1850.
[21] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Analysis on the determinants of health status among tribal communities. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(3), 531–534.
[22] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Health status of primitive tribal women in India. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(5), 772.
[23] Ashifa, K. M. (2022). A situation analysis of the social well-being of elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3), 10156–10163.
[24] Ashifa, K. M., & Ramya, P. (2019). Health afflictions and quality of work life among women working in fireworks industry. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(6S3), 1723–1725.
[25] A.S. Aneeshkumar, Dr.C. JothiVenkateswaran (2013). An Integrated Approach for Predicting the Contribution of Sovereign Dynamics, Engineering Sciences Int. Research J., 1(1), pp. 24-27
[26] Basha, R., Pathak, P., Sudha, M., Soumya, K. V., & Arockia Venice, J. (2025). Optimization of quantum dilated convolutional neural networks: Image recognition with quantum computing. Internet Technology Letters, 8(3), e70027.
[27] Catherine, S., Gupta, N., Gopi, E., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Enhancing Patient Engagement and Outcomes Through Digital Transformation: Machine Learning in Medical Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 285-312). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[28] Devi, M., Manokaran, D., Sehgal, R. K., Shariff, S. A., & Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Precision Medicine, Personalized Treatment, and Network-Driven Innovations: Transforming Healthcare With AI. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 303-322). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[29] Dr A S Aneeshkumar (2018). Substantiation Study for Disease Prediction, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 5(7) pp. 249-254.
[30] Elkin, N., Mohammed, A. K., Kilincel, S., Soydan, A. M., Tanriver, S. C., Celik, S., & Ranganathan, M. (2025). Mental health literacy and happiness among university students: A social work perspective to promoting well-being. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1541316.
[31] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Striking a Balance: Mental Health Challenges and Work-Life Integration among Women Faculty in Indian B-Schools. Texila International J. of Public Health, 13(2).
[32] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Strategic Role of Human Resource Management in Enhancing Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Business Schools in India. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[33] Jenifer, R. D., Vettriselvan, R., Saxena, D., Velmurugan, P. R., & Balakrishnan, A. (2025). Green Marketing in Healthcare Advertising: A Global Perspective. In AI Impacts on Branded Entertainment and Advertising (pp. 303-326). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
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[35] Mustafa, N., Zahoor, H., Gamil, R. E., Ashifa, K. M., & Safaei, M. (2026). Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 39(1), 74-103.
[36] Natraj, N. A., Abirami, T., Ananthi, K., Venice, J. A., Chandru, R., & Rathish, C. R. (2024). The Impact of 5G Technology on the Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management Landscape. In Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management (pp. 289-311). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[37] Ranganathan, M., Jacob, A., Ashifa, K. M., Kumar, G. J., Anthony, M., Vijay, M., & Kumari, R. B. (2024). An investigation of the effects of chronic stress on attention in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 37–50.
[38] Shanthi, H. J., Gokulakrishnan, A., Sharma, S., Deepika, R., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Urban Health: Applications, Challenges, and Innovations. In Nexus of AI, Climatology, and Urbanism for Smart Cities (pp. 275-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[39] Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Suresh, N. V., Catherine, S., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2025). Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Patient Engagement and Outcomes: Revolutionizing Healthcare Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 313-340). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[40] Swadhi, R., Velmurugan, P. R., Mahalingam, U., Keerthana, R., & Padmavathy, N. (2026). Embedding Fairness and Resilience: Human-Centered Leadership in AI-Driven Workplaces. In Centering Positive Organizational Cultures Through Human-Centered Leadership (pp. 139-162). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[41] Venice, J. A., Arivazhagan, D., Suman, N., Shanthi, H. J., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Recommendation systems and content personalization: algorithms, applications, and adaptive learning. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 323-348). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[42] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Suresh, N. V., & Abirami, P. (2025). Enabling personalized learning and adaptive systems through strategic management: cloud integration in education. In Bridging Academia and Industry Through Cloud Integration in Education (pp. 49-72). IGI G. Scientific Publishing.
[43] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Jain, S., Madusudanan, K., & Aarthy, C. C. J. (2025). Performance Evaluation and Metrics in Blockchain Powered AI/ML: Data Analytics for Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT). In Transforming Education With AI-Powered Personalized Learning (pp. 143-178). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[44] Venice, A., Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Chandra, P., & Sajana, K. P. (2026). Rehabilitation Robotics and Adaptive Motion Planning for Patient-Centric Care. In Intelligent Motion Control for Human-Centered Systems (pp. 51-76). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[45] Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Harnessing innovation and digital marketing in the era of industry 5.0: resilient healthcare SMEs. In The Future of Small Business in Industry 5.0 (pp. 163-186). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[46] Vettriselvan, R., & Anto, M. R. (2018). Pathetic health status and working condition of Zambian women. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 259-264.
[47] Vettriselvan, R., & Rajan FSA, A. J. (2019). Occupational Health Issues Faced by Women in Spinners. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1).
[48] Vettriselvan, R., Deepan, A., Jaiswani, G., Balakrishnan, A., & Sakthivel, R. (2025). Health Consequences of Early Marriage: Examining Morbidity and Long-Term Wellbeing. In Social, Political, and Health Implications of Early Marriage (pp. 189-212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[49] Vettriselvan, R., Ramya, R., Selvalakshmi, V., Jyothi, P., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2026). Empowering Patients through Knowledge: Educational Strategies in Rehabilitation. In Holistic Approaches to Health Recovery (pp. 263-290). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[50] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Catherin, T. C., & Deepika, R. (2025). Sustainability and Responsibility in the Digital Era: Leveraging Green Marketing in Healthcare. In Digital Citizenship and Building a Responsible Online Presence (pp. 285-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[51] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Velmurugan, P. R., & Hasine, J. (2025). Strategic Collaborations in Medical Innovation and AI-Driven Globalization: Advancing Healthcare Startups. In Navigating Strategic Partnerships for Sustainable Startup Growth (pp. 85-110). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[52] Zahoor, H., Mustafa, N., Ashifa, K. M., Safaei, M., & El Gamil, R. (2025). Unlocking resilience: Emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 38(4), 395–419.
Received : 26 February 2026
Accepted : 29 April 2026
Published : 02 May 2026
DOI: 10.30726/esij/v13.i2.2026.1320022