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Role of the Sun as a Stellar Evolution Pattern

Author
Rahul Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Anshu Sharma
Keywords
Sun; Formation; Death; Solar System; Stellar Evolution.
Abstract
The​ sun is a G-type main-sequence star and it is located at the center of our solar system. Besides being the source of the energy that keeps the earth alive, the sun encapsulates the life cycle of an average star as it began its life about 4.6 billion years ago from a molecular cloud that was collapsing and will end its life several billion years from now. In the light of this, the paper digs into the birth of the sun, its present constitution and the source of its energy, as well as the stages through which it will pass in dying, stressing its important role as a stellar evolution pattern.
References
[1] B. W. Carroll and D. A. Ostlie, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2017.
[2] E. Chaisson and S. McMillan, Astronomy Today, 9th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Pearson Education, 2021.
[3] D. Prialnik, An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution, 3rd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2020.
[4] A. Einstein, “Does the inertia of a body depend upon its energy content?” Annalen der Physik, vol. 18, no. 13, pp. 639–641, 1905.
[5] R. Kippenhahn, A. Weigert, and A. Weiss, Stellar Structure and Evolution, 2nd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2012.
[6] NASA, “The Life and Death of the Sun,” NASA Solar System Exploration, 2023. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov
[7] ESA, “Solar Evolution and Planetary Nebulae,” European Space Agency, 2024. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration
[8] F. Shu, The Physical Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy, Mill Valley, CA, USA: University Science Books, 1982.


Received  : 11 November 2025
Accepted : 15 February 2026
Published : 25 February 2026
DOI: 10.30726/esij/v13.i1.2026.131002

ESIJ-13.1.2-Role-of-the-Sun-as-a-Stellar-Evolution-Pattern.pdf

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