Author
Dr. Rohit Tiwari, Anita Rani, Ajay Kumar
Keywords
Mental Health Stigma; Stigma Reduction; Anti-Stigma Interventions; Mental Health Literacy; Community Mental Health; Social Contact Interventions.
Abstract
Mental health stigma represents one of the most significant barriers to healthcare access and treatment-seeking among individuals with mental health disorders. Stigma manifests as negative attitudes, stereotypes, and discriminatory behaviour towards people with mental illness, leading to social exclusion, reduced self-esteem, and reluctance to seek professional help. This cross-sectional analytical study examines the effectiveness of community-based mental health stigma reduction interventions among 246 community members and healthcare workers. Social contact and education combined approaches demonstrated the highest improvements in mental health attitudes (F=7.28, p=0.001). Significant improvements in mental health literacy, attitudes toward treatment, willingness to support people with mental illness, and treatment-seeking intentions were observed following anti-stigma programmes. The study emphasises the importance of sustained, culturally sensitive, multi-component stigma reduction programmes in improving mental health outcomes at the community level.
References
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[32] Kariveliparambil, A., Rasi, R. A., Ahmad, M. S., Oztas, N., & Ayan, F. S. (2026). Evolving Social Capital in Indigenous Communities: Perspectives on Trust, Reciprocity, and Cultural Preservation Among Irula Elders. Journal of Social Service Research, 52(1), 147–166.
[33] Mustafa, N., Zahoor, H., Gamil, R. E., Ashifa, K. M., & Safaei, M. (2026). Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 39(1), 74-103.
[34] Natraj, N. A., Abirami, T., Ananthi, K., Venice, J. A., Chandru, R., & Rathish, C. R. (2024). The Impact of 5G Technology on the Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management Landscape. In Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management (pp. 289-311). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[35] Ranganathan, M., Jacob, A., Ashifa, K. M., Kumar, G. J., Anthony, M., Vijay, M., & Kumari, R. B. (2024). An investigation of the effects of chronic stress on attention in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 37–50.
[36] Shanthi, H. J., Gokulakrishnan, A., Sharma, S., Deepika, R., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Urban Health: Applications, Challenges, and Innovations. In Nexus of AI, Climatology, and Urbanism for Smart Cities (pp. 275-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[37] Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Suresh, N. V., Catherine, S., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2025). Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Patient Engagement and Outcomes: Revolutionizing Healthcare Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 313-340). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[38] Swadhi, R., Velmurugan, P. R., Mahalingam, U., Keerthana, R., & Padmavathy, N. (2026). Embedding Fairness and Resilience: Human-Centered Leadership in AI-Driven Workplaces. In Centering Positive Organizational Cultures Through Human-Centered Leadership (pp. 139-162). IGI G Scientific Publishing.
[39] Venice, J. A., Arivazhagan, D., Suman, N., Shanthi, H. J., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Recommendation systems and content personalization: algorithms, applications, and adaptive learning. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 323-348). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[40] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Suresh, N. V., & Abirami, P. (2025). Enabling personalized learning and adaptive systems through strategic management: cloud integration in education. In Bridging Academia and Industry Through Cloud Integration in Education (pp. 49-72). IGI Glo. Scientific Publishing.
[41] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Jain, S., Madusudanan, K., & Aarthy, C. C. J. (2025). Performance Evaluation and Metrics in Blockchain Powered AI/ML: Data Analytics for Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT). In Transforming Education With AI-Powered Personalized Learning (pp. 143-178). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[42] Venice, A., Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Chandra, P., & Sajana, K. P. (2026). Rehabilitation Robotics and Adaptive Motion Planning for Patient-Centric Care. In Intelligent Motion Control for Human-Centered Systems (pp. 51-76). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[43] Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Harnessing innovation and digital marketing in the era of industry 5.0: resilient healthcare SMEs. In The Future of Small Business in Industry 5.0 (pp. 163-186). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[44] Vettriselvan, R., & Anto, M. R. (2018). Pathetic health status and working condition of Zambian women. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 259-264.
[45] Vettriselvan, R., & Rajan FSA, A. J. (2019). Occupational Health Issues Faced by Women in Spinners. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1).
[46] Vettriselvan, R., Deepan, A., Jaiswani, G., Balakrishnan, A., & Sakthivel, R. (2025). Health Consequences of Early Marriage: Examining Morbidity and Long-Term Wellbeing. In Social, Political, and Health Implications of Early Marriage (pp. 189-212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[47] Vettriselvan, R., Ramya, R., Selvalakshmi, V., Jyothi, P., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2026). Empowering Patients through Knowledge: Educational Strategies in Rehabilitation. In Holistic Approaches to Health Recovery (pp. 263-290). IGI G S Publishing.
[48] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Catherin, T. C., & Deepika, R. (2025). Sustainability and Responsibility in the Digital Era: Leveraging Green Marketing in Healthcare. In Digital Citizenship and Building a Responsible Online Presence (pp. 285-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[49] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Velmurugan, P. R., & Hasine, J. (2025). Strategic Collaborations in Medical Innovation and AI-Driven Globalization: Advancing Healthcare Startups. In Navigating Strategic Partnerships for Sustainable Startup Growth (pp. 85-110). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[50] Zahoor, H., Mustafa, N., Ashifa, K. M., Safaei, M., & El Gamil, R. (2025). Unlocking resilience: Emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 38(4), 395–419.
[2] Blignault, I., et al. (2009). Using a multifaceted community intervention to reduce stigma about mental illness in an Australian Macedonian community. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 20(3), 227–233.
[3] Clay, J., et al. (2020). Core components of mental health stigma reduction interventions in low-and middle-income countries. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, e164.
[4] Codjoe, L., et al. (2021). Evidence for interventions to promote mental health and reduce stigma in Black faith communities. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(6), 895–911.
[5] Crockett, M. A., et al. (2025). Interventions to Reduce Mental Health Stigma in Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Network Open, 8(1), e2454730.
[6] Dalky, H. F. (2012). Mental illness stigma reduction interventions: Review of intervention trials. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 34(4), 520–547.
[7] Dharitri, R., Rao, S. N., & Kalyanasundaram, S. (2015). Stigma of mental illness: An interventional study to reduce its impact in the community. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(2), 165–173.
[8] Heijnders, M., & Van Der Meij, S. (2006). The fight against stigma: an overview of stigma-reduction strategies and interventions. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11(3), 353–363.
[9] Javed, A., et al. (2021). Reducing the stigma of mental health disorders with a focus on low-and middle-income countries. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 58, 102601.
[10] Kaur, A., et al. (2021). Systematic review of interventions to reduce mental health stigma in India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, 102466.
[11] Knifton, L., et al. (2010). Community conversation: addressing mental health stigma with ethnic minority communities. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(4), 497–504.
[12] Kohrt, B. A., et al. (2020). Reducing mental illness stigma in healthcare settings: proof of concept for a social contact intervention. Social Science & Medicine, 250, 112852.
[13] Ma, K. K. Y., Anderson, J. K., & Burn, A. M. (2023). School-based interventions to improve mental health literacy and reduce mental health stigma. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 28(2), 230–240.
[14] Morgan, A. J., et al. (2018). Interventions to reduce stigma towards people with severe mental illness: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 103, 120–133.
[15] Thornicroft, G., et al. (2016). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. The Lancet, 387(10023), 1123–1132.
[16] Arockia, V. J., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Velmurugan, P. R. R., & Cheelo, C. (2025). Leveraging AI and Learning analytics for enhanced distance learning: transformation in education. In AI and learning analytics in distance learning (pp. 179-206). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[17] Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Developmental initiatives for persons with disabilities: Appraisal on village-based rehabilitation of Amar Seva Sangam. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12), 1257–1261.
[18] Rasi, R. A., & Ashifa, K. M. (2019). Role of community-based programmes for active ageing: Elders self-help group in Kerala. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12).
[19] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Effect of substance abuse on physical health of adolescents. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 3155–3160.
[20] Ashifa, K. M. (2020). Physical health hazards of schizophrenia patients. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 1848–1850.
[21] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Analysis on the determinants of health status among tribal communities. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(3), 531–534.
[22] Ashifa, K. M. (2021). Health status of primitive tribal women in India. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 12(5), 772.
[23] Ashifa, K. M. (2022). A situation analysis of the social well-being of elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3), 10156–10163.
[24] Ashifa, K. M., & Ramya, P. (2019). Health afflictions and quality of work life among women working in fireworks industry. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(6S3), 1723–1725.
[25] Basha, R., Pathak, P., Sudha, M., Soumya, K. V., & Arockia Venice, J. (2025). Optimization of quantum dilated convolutional neural networks: Image recognition with quantum computing. Internet Technology Letters, 8(3), e70027.
[26] Catherine, S., Gupta, N., Gopi, E., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Enhancing Patient Engagement and Outcomes Through Digital Transformation: Machine Learning in Medical Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 285-312). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[27] Devi, M., Manokaran, D., Sehgal, R. K., Shariff, S. A., & Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Precision Medicine, Personalized Treatment, and Network-Driven Innovations: Transforming Healthcare With AI. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 303-322). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[28] Elkin, N., Mohammed, A. K., Kilincel, S., Soydan, A. M., Tanriver, S. C., Celik, S., & Ranganathan, M. (2025). Mental health literacy and happiness among university students: A social work perspective to promoting well-being. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1541316.
[29] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Striking a Balance: Mental Health Challenges and Work-Life Integration among Women Faculty in Indian B-Schools. Texila International J. of Public Health, 13(2).
[30] Gayathri, R. K., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Balakrishnan, R., Kumar, R., & Kavitha, J. (2025). Strategic Role of Human Resource Management in Enhancing Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Business Schools in India. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 13(2).
[31] Jenifer, R. D., Vettriselvan, R., Saxena, D., Velmurugan, P. R., & Balakrishnan, A. (2025). Green Marketing in Healthcare Advertising: A Global Perspective. In AI Impacts on Branded Entertainment and Advertising (pp. 303-326). IGI G S Publishing.
[32] Kariveliparambil, A., Rasi, R. A., Ahmad, M. S., Oztas, N., & Ayan, F. S. (2026). Evolving Social Capital in Indigenous Communities: Perspectives on Trust, Reciprocity, and Cultural Preservation Among Irula Elders. Journal of Social Service Research, 52(1), 147–166.
[33] Mustafa, N., Zahoor, H., Gamil, R. E., Ashifa, K. M., & Safaei, M. (2026). Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 39(1), 74-103.
[34] Natraj, N. A., Abirami, T., Ananthi, K., Venice, J. A., Chandru, R., & Rathish, C. R. (2024). The Impact of 5G Technology on the Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management Landscape. In Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management (pp. 289-311). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[35] Ranganathan, M., Jacob, A., Ashifa, K. M., Kumar, G. J., Anthony, M., Vijay, M., & Kumari, R. B. (2024). An investigation of the effects of chronic stress on attention in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 37–50.
[36] Shanthi, H. J., Gokulakrishnan, A., Sharma, S., Deepika, R., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Urban Health: Applications, Challenges, and Innovations. In Nexus of AI, Climatology, and Urbanism for Smart Cities (pp. 275-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[37] Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Suresh, N. V., Catherine, S., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2025). Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Patient Engagement and Outcomes: Revolutionizing Healthcare Marketing. In Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Growth and Performance (pp. 313-340). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[38] Swadhi, R., Velmurugan, P. R., Mahalingam, U., Keerthana, R., & Padmavathy, N. (2026). Embedding Fairness and Resilience: Human-Centered Leadership in AI-Driven Workplaces. In Centering Positive Organizational Cultures Through Human-Centered Leadership (pp. 139-162). IGI G Scientific Publishing.
[39] Venice, J. A., Arivazhagan, D., Suman, N., Shanthi, H. J., & Swadhi, R. (2025). Recommendation systems and content personalization: algorithms, applications, and adaptive learning. In AI for Large Scale Communication Networks (pp. 323-348). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[40] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Rajesh, D., Suresh, N. V., & Abirami, P. (2025). Enabling personalized learning and adaptive systems through strategic management: cloud integration in education. In Bridging Academia and Industry Through Cloud Integration in Education (pp. 49-72). IGI Glo. Scientific Publishing.
[41] Venice, J. A., Vettriselvan, R., Jain, S., Madusudanan, K., & Aarthy, C. C. J. (2025). Performance Evaluation and Metrics in Blockchain Powered AI/ML: Data Analytics for Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT). In Transforming Education With AI-Powered Personalized Learning (pp. 143-178). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[42] Venice, A., Swadhi, R., Gayathri, K., Chandra, P., & Sajana, K. P. (2026). Rehabilitation Robotics and Adaptive Motion Planning for Patient-Centric Care. In Intelligent Motion Control for Human-Centered Systems (pp. 51-76). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[43] Vettriselvan, R. (2025). Harnessing innovation and digital marketing in the era of industry 5.0: resilient healthcare SMEs. In The Future of Small Business in Industry 5.0 (pp. 163-186). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[44] Vettriselvan, R., & Anto, M. R. (2018). Pathetic health status and working condition of Zambian women. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 259-264.
[45] Vettriselvan, R., & Rajan FSA, A. J. (2019). Occupational Health Issues Faced by Women in Spinners. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1).
[46] Vettriselvan, R., Deepan, A., Jaiswani, G., Balakrishnan, A., & Sakthivel, R. (2025). Health Consequences of Early Marriage: Examining Morbidity and Long-Term Wellbeing. In Social, Political, and Health Implications of Early Marriage (pp. 189-212). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[47] Vettriselvan, R., Ramya, R., Selvalakshmi, V., Jyothi, P., & Velmurugan, P. R. (2026). Empowering Patients through Knowledge: Educational Strategies in Rehabilitation. In Holistic Approaches to Health Recovery (pp. 263-290). IGI G S Publishing.
[48] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Catherin, T. C., & Deepika, R. (2025). Sustainability and Responsibility in the Digital Era: Leveraging Green Marketing in Healthcare. In Digital Citizenship and Building a Responsible Online Presence (pp. 285-306). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[49] Vijayalakshmi, M., Subramani, A. K., Vettriselvan, R., Velmurugan, P. R., & Hasine, J. (2025). Strategic Collaborations in Medical Innovation and AI-Driven Globalization: Advancing Healthcare Startups. In Navigating Strategic Partnerships for Sustainable Startup Growth (pp. 85-110). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[50] Zahoor, H., Mustafa, N., Ashifa, K. M., Safaei, M., & El Gamil, R. (2025). Unlocking resilience: Emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 38(4), 395–419.
Received : 10 February 2026
Accepted : 29 April 2026
Published : 02 May 2026
DOI: 10.30726/ijmrss/v13.i2.2026.13260
60.-80_Reducing_Mental_Health_Stigma_Community_Interventions.pdf